IGNOU BPSC 111 Important Questions With Answers English Medium
BPSC 111 Classical Political Philosophy. This is another
course offered by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) for
Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Political Science (BAPSH) programme.
Course Structure:
- Block-1 Text and Context
- Block-2 Plato
- Block-3 Aristotle
- Block-4 Machiavelli
- Block-5 Hobbes
- Block-6 Locke
Q.1
Describe Plato’s concept of Allegory of Cave.
Plato's Allegory of the Cave, featured in Book VII of
"The Republic," serves as a profound metaphor elucidating his
philosophical notions concerning knowledge, reality, and the transformative
journey toward enlightenment. Through a dialogue between Socrates and Glaucon,
Plato vividly illustrates a scenario where prisoners are confined within a dark
cave since birth, their bodies tethered by chains, with only a wall in front of
them upon which shadows flicker. These prisoners, devoid of exposure to
anything beyond the cave, mistake these shadows for reality, never questioning
the limitations of their perception.
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In this allegory, the cave symbolizes the material world,
dominated by sensory perceptions and superficial appearances. The prisoners,
representing ordinary individuals, are ensnared by ignorance, their
understanding restricted to the immediate sensory experiences, thus remaining
oblivious to deeper truths. The chains that bind them represent societal norms,
cultural conditioning, and the limitations of sensory perception, preventing
them from transcending their perceptual constraints.
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IGNOU BPSC 111 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Plato introduces the figure of the philosopher as one of the
prisoners who breaks free from the chains and ascends toward the cave's
entrance, symbolizing the journey of philosophical enlightenment. Initially
overwhelmed by the blinding sunlight outside the cave, representing the realm
of Forms or ultimate reality, the liberated prisoner gradually adjusts to the
brilliance and gains insight into the true nature of existence. Through
dialectical reasoning and contemplation, the philosopher discerns the eternal
and immutable Forms that underlie the transient world of appearances.
However, the philosopher's return to the cave to enlighten
his fellow prisoners is met with skepticism and hostility, reflecting the
resistance of the unenlightened masses to embrace philosophical truths. Despite
his earnest attempts to awaken them to higher knowledge, the prisoners ridicule
and reject his teachings, highlighting the difficulty of liberating others from
ignorance.
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IGNOU BPSC 111 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Plato's Allegory of the Cave encapsulates his epistemological
and metaphysical views, emphasizing the superiority of philosophical knowledge
over sensory perception. The physical world, characterized by flux and
illusion, pales in comparison to the realm of Forms, which embodies eternal and
immutable truths. Philosophical enlightenment entails liberation from the
shackles of ignorance and the attainment of knowledge of the Forms, enabling
individuals to perceive the true essence of reality.
IGNOU BPSC 111 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Moreover, the allegory underscores the transformative power
of philosophical education and the ethical responsibility of enlightened
individuals to guide others toward enlightenment. Plato advocates for the
cultivation of virtue and wisdom among philosophers, who serve as guardians of
truth and catalysts for societal progress. Through the Allegory of the Cave,
Plato imparts a timeless lesson on the importance of critical thinking,
intellectual curiosity, and the pursuit of wisdom in the quest for personal
fulfillment and societal harmony.
Q.2
Examine John Locke’s views on natural rights.
Q.3
Enumerate and describe the features of Locke’s constitutional government.
Q.4
What did Locke have to say about the limit of toleration ? Elaborate.
Q.5
Describe four types of societies discussed by Plato.
Q.6
What is science for Aristotle?
Q.7
Explain human nature as understood by Aristotle.
Q.8
Explain the grounds on which Aristotle defined citizenship
Q.9
Explain the proportional equality propounded by Aristotle
Q.10
Aristotle has propounded six types of constitution. Which are they? Amongst
them, which one is best suited for contemporary times? Justify your answer.
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Q.11
Why Roman history was important for Machiavelli?
Q.12
Write a short note on republicanism in city states of Italy.
Q.13
Illustrate the reasons why Machiavelli gave importance to civic virtu and
liberty?
Q.14
Write down the ideals to secure republic as Machiavelli perceived.
Q.15
According to Locke, why is it pointless to use the force and authority of
government to make people follow one religion over another?
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