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BHIC 103 Solved Assignment 2022-23
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Assignment - I
Answer the following in about 500 words each.
1)
Who were the Kushanas? Write a note on the assimilation of foreigners into the
Indian mainstream.
The Kushan Empire (c. First–Third Centuries) reached its
cultural zenith circa 105 – 250 C.E., extended from Tajikistan to Afghanistan,
Pakistan and into the Ganges River valley in northern India. The Kushan tribe
of the Yuezhi confederation, believed to be Indo-European people from the
eastern Tarim Basin, China, possibly related to the Tocharians, created the
empire. They were the furthest eastern Indo-European speaking people.
The Kushans adopted elements of the Hellenistic culture of
Bactria, adapting a form of the Greek alphabet into their own language. They
practiced Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, and possibly Saivism, while taking elements
of the Indian culture which them mingled with Hellenistic culture. The empire
attained great wealth by uniting sea trade on the Indian Ocean with the
overland trade on the Silk Road. Much is known of the Kushan religious life.
Their pantheon of deities have been revealed by the images and inscriptions on
coins. Those deities have their origin in Greek, Iranian and, to a lesser
degree, Indian religions. The Kushans developed Greco-Buddhism by fusing
Hellenistic and Buddhist religious symbols and beliefs, thus creating a form of
Mahayana Buddhism.
King Kanishka I (127–c.147), who had Prakrit Buddhist texts
translated into Sanskrit, convened one of the great Buddhist councils in
Kashmir. Kanishka I achieved stature equal to Ashoka 304 B.C.E. – 232 B.C.E.)
as emperors advancing Buddhism. The Kushans also promoted Hinayana and Mahayana
scriptures in China, playing a key role in the Silk Road transmission of
Buddhism.
The reign of Vasudeva I (d. 225) marked the last great king
of the Kushan Empire. Upon his death the empire split into western and eastern
segments leading to a series of defeats of Western Kushan Empire by the Persian
Sassanid Empire. The Gupta Empire subjugated the Eastern Kushan Empire in the
mid fourth century C.E. A new dynasty, the Kidarites, succeeded in the eastern
empire, and then suffered complete annihilation. Both the White Huns in the
fifth century and the expansion of Islam throughout the region erased the
Kidarite influence. Thus ended a mighty empire that had bridged the East and
the West for nearly three centuries. The Kushan Empire had diplomatic contacts
with Rome, Persia, and China and for several centuries stood at the center of
exchange between the East and the West.
Chinese sources tell of the construction of the Great Wall in
the third century B.C.E. and the repulse of various marauding tribes. Forced to
head west and eventually south, these tribes displaced others in an ethnic
knock-on effect which lasted many decades and spread right across Central Asia.
The Parthians from Iran and the Bactrian Greeks from Bactria had both been
dislodged by the Shakas coming down from somewhere near the Aral Sea. But the
Shakas had in turn been dislodged by the Yueh-chi who had themselves been
driven west to Xinjiang by the Hiung-nu. The last, otherwise the Huns, would
happily not reach India for a long time. But the Yueh-chi continued to press on
the Shakas, and having forced them out of Bactria, it was sections or clans of
these Yueh-chi who next began to move down into India in the second half of the
first century AD."[4] The Yuezhi reached the Hellenic kingdom of
Greco-Bactria, in the Bactrian territory (northernmost Afghanistan and
Uzbekistan) around 135 B.C.E. The displaced Greek dynasties resettled to the
southeast in areas of the Hindu Kush and the Indus basin (in present day
Pakistan), occupying the western part of the Indo-Greek Kingdom.
2)
Discuss the economic, political and social organization of Tamilakam.
Assignment - II
Answer the following questions in about 250 words each.
3)
Write a note on the craft production in North India, explain its organizational
nature.
4)
Discribe the salient features of Pallava temple architecture.
5)
What do you understand by the revival of commerce and trade in the early
medieval period? Discuss.
Assignment - III
Answer the following questions in about 100 words each.
6)
Indo-Greeks
7)
Puranic Hinduism
8)
Prakrit and Pali
9)
Ports
10)
Urban Process
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Important Note - You may be aware that
you need to submit your assignments before you can appear for the Term End
Exams. Please remember to keep a copy of your completed assignment, just in
case the one you submitted is lost in transit.
- ·
31st March
2023 (if enrolled in the July 2022 Session)
- ·
30th Sept,
2023 (if enrolled in the January 2023 session).
IGNOU Instructions for
the BHIC 103 Assignments
BHIC 103 HISTORY OF INDIA II Assignment 2022-23 Before attempting the
assignment, please read the following instructions carefully.
1. Read the detailed instructions about the assignment given in
the Handbook and Programme Guide.
2. Write your enrolment number, name, full address and
date on the top right corner of the first page of your response sheet(s).
3. Write the course title, assignment number and the name of the
study centre you are attached to in the centre of the first page of
your response sheet(s).
4. Use only
foolscap size paper for your response and tag all the pages
carefully
5. Write the relevant question number with each answer.
6. You should write in your own handwriting.
GUIDELINES FOR IGNOU Assignments 2022-23
BHIC 103 Solved Assignment 2022-23 You will find it useful to keep the
following points in mind:
1. Planning: Read the questions carefully. Go through the units on which they
are based. Make some points regarding each question and then rearrange these in
a logical order. And please write the answers in your own words. Do not
reproduce passages from the units.
2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analytic before
drawing up a rough outline of your answer. In an essay-type question, give
adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion. The introduction must
offer your brief interpretation of the question and how you propose to develop
it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the course
of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as
this will add some depth to your analysis.
3. Presentation: Once you are satisfied with your answers, you
can write down the final version for submission, writing each answer neatly and
underlining the points you wish to emphasize.
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BHIC 103
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