IGNOU BANS 184 Important Questions With Answers English Medium
BANS 184 Public Health and Epidemiology is a course offered
by Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) as part of its various
programs, including the Bachelor of Arts (General and Honours) and Ability
Enhancement Course.
Course Structure:
- Block-1 Essentials in Epidemiology and Public Health
- Block-2 Psychological, Behavioural, and Social Issues in Public Health and Management
- Block-3 Research and Statistical Methods in Public Health
Q.1
Define public health. Briefly discuss its origin and development.
Public health is the holistic approach to safeguarding and
enhancing the well-being of entire populations through systematic efforts,
informed decision-making, and collective actions. It encompasses a broad
spectrum of endeavors aimed at preventing diseases, extending lifespans, and
fostering physical and mental health among communities and societies.
IGNOU BANS 184 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-The roots of public health can be traced back to antiquity,
where ancient civilizations recognized the significance of factors like
sanitation, clean water, and preventative measures in maintaining communal
health. Notable figures such as Hippocrates in ancient Greece emphasized the
importance of environmental conditions, diet, and lifestyle choices in
promoting health. Similarly, the Romans implemented sophisticated public
sanitation systems, including aqueducts and sewage networks, to combat disease
transmission.
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However, it was during the Industrial Revolution of the 18th
and 19th centuries that the concept of public health began to take shape in its
modern form. As rapid urbanization and industrialization led to overcrowded
cities, substandard living conditions, and rampant disease outbreaks, governments
and public health advocates increasingly recognized the need for organized
efforts to address these pressing health challenges.
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IGNOU BANS 184 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-A significant milestone in the evolution of public health was
the emergence of epidemiology as a distinct scientific discipline. In the 19th
century, pioneers like John Snow conducted groundbreaking studies on disease
patterns, causation, and transmission. Snow's investigation of the 1854 cholera
outbreak in London, which identified contaminated water sources as the root
cause, epitomized the transformative potential of epidemiological research in
guiding public health interventions.
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The 20th century witnessed remarkable strides in public
health, propelled by groundbreaking discoveries, technological innovations, and
the establishment of robust public health infrastructure. Breakthroughs in
medical science, including the development of vaccines, antibiotics, and other
treatments, led to significant declines in infectious diseases such as
smallpox, polio, and tuberculosis. Moreover, the establishment of global health
organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and national agencies
such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United
States played pivotal roles in coordinating international efforts, setting
standards, and disseminating best practices in public health.
In recent decades, the field of public health has continued
to evolve in response to emerging health threats, demographic shifts, and
advancements in technology. Globalization has facilitated the rapid spread of
infectious diseases across borders, necessitating enhanced international
cooperation, surveillance, and preparedness. High-profile outbreaks like
HIV/AIDS, SARS, and Ebola have underscored the imperative of swift responses,
robust surveillance systems, and effective containment strategies in combating
infectious diseases.
IGNOU BANS 184 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Simultaneously, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as
cardiovascular ailments, cancer, and diabetes have emerged as leading causes of
morbidity and mortality worldwide, prompting a paradigm shift towards
preventive measures and health promotion initiatives. Public health efforts now
encompass multifaceted strategies targeting the social determinants of health,
including poverty, inequality, education, and environmental degradation.
Q.2
Briefly comment on various health care services in India.
Q.3
What is Epidemiology ? Briefly discuss various types of descriptive studies.
Q.4
Discuss the impact of globalisation on human health.
Q.5
Define environmental health. Briefly discuss the effects of biological,
chemical and physical agents in air on human health.
Q.6
Briefly discuss national health programs in India.
Q.7
Briefly discuss the role of NGO’s in health sector of India
Q.8
Discuss the importance of public health in the management of COVID–19.
Q.9
Briefly discuss the effect of biological, chemical and physical agents in water
on human health.
Q.10
Give an account of origin and development of public health
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Q.11
Briefly discuss the core disciplines of public health
Q.12
Briefly discuss the effect of biological, chemical and physical agents in air
on human health
Q.13
Briefly discuss the role of Government of India in preservation and promotion
of public health
Q.14
Briefly comment on the role of public health sector in India.
Q.15
Define environmental health. What are the effects of biological, chemical and
physical agents in water on human health ? Discuss.
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