IGNOU MANE 005 Important Questions With Answers English Medium
IGNOU MANE 005 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-MANE 005 Environmental Anthropology invites you to explore
the multifaceted relationship between humans and their environment. This course
likely delves into how diverse cultures interact with, shape, and are shaped by
their natural surroundings.
Course Structure:
- Block-1 Introduction to environmental Anthropology
- Block-2 Theoretical and methodological Issues of environmental anthropology
- Block-3 Ecology And Subsistence Patterns
- Block-4 Natural resource management and Sustainable development
- Block-5 Development policies, environmental Impact and collective action
- Block-6 Cultural dimensions of development And biodiversity conservation
- Block-7 Contemporary issues and problems in Environmental anthropology
Q.1
Discuss the history and development of environmental anthropology.
The development of environmental anthropology has been a dynamic journey, evolving in response to global environmental crises and the intricate relationship between human societies and their natural surroundings. Initially emerging as a distinct subfield in the mid-20th century, environmental anthropology draws from the intersections of anthropology, ecology, and environmental science.
IGNOU MANE 005 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Its evolution has been shaped by diverse
cultural contexts, theoretical frameworks, and methodological approaches, all
aimed at understanding and addressing pressing environmental issues while
promoting sustainable practices.
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The roots of environmental anthropology can be traced back to
early anthropological studies that documented indigenous peoples' relationships
with their environments. Scholars like Franz Boas and Bronisław Malinowski
conducted pioneering research, highlighting indigenous ecological knowledge,
subsistence practices, and spiritual connections to the land. These studies
laid foundational understandings of how human societies interact with and
influence their environments.
IGNOU MANE 005 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-In the latter half of the 20th century, environmental
anthropology gained prominence as scholars responded to the growing awareness
of global environmental challenges. Seminal works such as Julian Steward's
"Theory of Cultural Ecology" and Roy Rappaport's "Pigs for the
Ancestors" provided theoretical frameworks for studying the dynamic
interactions between culture, ecology, and society. These works emphasized the
complex ways in which cultural beliefs, social institutions, and ecological
processes shape human-environment relationships.
Throughout the late 20th century, environmental anthropology
expanded its scope to encompass a wide array of topics, including environmental
conservation, natural resource management, environmental justice, and
sustainable development. Interdisciplinary collaborations with ecologists,
geographers, and environmental scientists allowed for holistic investigations
into issues such as deforestation, climate change, biodiversity loss, and water
scarcity. By considering the social, cultural, political, and economic dimensions
of environmental change, environmental anthropology offered nuanced insights
into the complexities of environmental issues.
A significant contribution of environmental anthropology has
been its emphasis on local knowledge systems and indigenous perspectives on the
environment. Collaborations with indigenous communities worldwide have
facilitated the documentation of traditional ecological knowledge, adaptive
strategies, and sustainable resource management practices. Recognizing the
value of indigenous knowledge has underscored the importance of integrating
local perspectives into environmental policies and conservation efforts.
IGNOU MANE 005 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Moreover, environmental anthropology has been instrumental in
advocating for environmental justice and addressing environmental inequalities.
Studies have highlighted how marginalized communities, particularly indigenous
peoples and low-income populations, disproportionately bear the burden of
environmental degradation and pollution. By examining the social and political
factors underlying environmental injustices, environmental anthropology has
contributed to efforts to promote environmental equity and empower marginalized
communities.
In recent decades, environmental anthropology has adapted to
new challenges and opportunities presented by globalization, urbanization, and
technological advancements. Scholars have explored topics such as urban
ecology, environmental governance, climate adaptation, and the impacts of
globalization on local environments and livelihoods. Innovative methodologies,
including participatory research methods and community-based approaches, have
fostered inclusive and collaborative research processes that involve local
communities as active participants and co-producers of knowledge.
Looking ahead, environmental anthropology is poised to
continue playing a crucial role in addressing contemporary environmental
challenges. Through interdisciplinary collaboration, community engagement, and
applied research, environmental anthropologists can contribute to the development
of more sustainable and equitable societies that prioritize the well-being of
both people and the planet. By drawing on insights from anthropology, ecology,
and other disciplines, environmental anthropology offers valuable perspectives
and approaches for navigating the complex environmental issues of the 21st
century.
Q.2
Discuss the Julian Steward's theory of cultural ecology.
Q.3
What is shifting cultivation? Critically examine it impact on the environmental
with refrence to India.
Q.4
Critically discuss the sustainable development in the third world.
Q.5
Examine the relationship between forest and indigenous people with suitable
example.
Q.6
Discuss bio- diversity and its impact on the ecosystem.
Q.8
Define cultural ecology as given by Julian Steward and discuss its relevance.
Q.9
What is environmental degradation ? Examine critically with reference to
overgrazing, deforestation and unsuitable cropping patterns in dryland.
Q.10
Describe the impact of the forest policies on the tribal communities in India.
Q.11
Define global warming and discuss its impact on the environment with suitable
examples.
Q.12
What are Indigenous Knowledge Systems ? Discuss with suitable examples.
Q.13
Discuss critically with suitable examples the impact of environment on health.
Q.14
Comment on the relationship between culture and climate change. Discuss the
application of anthropological qualitative methods to the study of climate
change.
Q.15
Describe hunter gatherer's way of life. Describe briefly any one hunting
gathering community living in India.
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