IGNOU BPCC 106 Important Questions With Answers English Medium
BPCC 106, offered by Indira Gandhi National Open University
(IGNOU), takes you on a historical journey through the evolution of
psychological thought. This course explores the major schools of thought,
prominent theorists, and significant contributions that have shaped our
understanding of the human mind and behavior.
Course Structure:
- Block 1: Psychological Perspectives: This introductory block establishes the foundation by defining psychology, its historical context, and different perspectives that influenced its development. It introduces major perspectives like structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, and psychoanalysis.
- Block 2: Early Psychology: This section delves into the early roots of psychology, exploring ancient Greek and philosophical contributions, Wundt's experimental psychology, and the pioneering work of William James. Students gain insights into the historical context and early attempts to understand the mind.
- Block 3: The Psychodynamic Approach: This block focuses on the dominant influence of Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis. Students study key concepts like the unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, psychosexual development, and their impact on personality and behavior.
- Block 4: The Behavioural and Humanistic Perspectives: This section explores two opposing yet influential perspectives: behaviorism and humanism. Students learn about Skinner's operant conditioning and Bandura's social learning theory, while also delving into humanistic psychology's emphasis on free will, self-actualization, and Carl Rogers' person-centered approach.
- Block 5: Trends and Debates in Modern Psychology: This final block examines contemporary trends and debates in psychology, including cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, positive psychology, and cultural psychology. Students analyze how the field continues to evolve and address emerging questions about the human mind.
Q.1
How is the method of introspection used by Titchener different from that of
Wundt?
IGNOU BPCC 106 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, both significant figures
in the early development of psychology, approached the study of the mind with
distinct perspectives, particularly regarding the method of introspection.
Wundt, often hailed as the founder of modern psychology, laid the groundwork
for the field by establishing the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig,
Germany, in 1879.
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His approach, known as structuralism, aimed to dissect
consciousness into its fundamental components through introspection. In Wundt's
method, introspection involved trained individuals reporting their immediate
sensory experiences and inner thoughts in response to controlled stimuli. This
systematic observation was intended to reveal the basic elements of mental
processes, including sensations, feelings, and perceptions.
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IGNOU BPCC 106 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-On the other hand, Titchener, a student of Wundt's, contributed to the field with his version of structuralism. While he shared Wundt's belief in the significance of introspection, Titchener introduced refinements to the method. Unlike Wundt's broad approach, Titchener's introspection focused more narrowly on isolating specific sensory elements such as colors, shapes, and sensations.
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Moreover, Titchener emphasized the necessity
of employing trained observers who adhered to strict guidelines and criteria
during introspective analysis. He developed the concept of "stimulus
error" to ensure that reports centered solely on sensory experiences,
excluding interpretations or associations. Through these methodological enhancements,
Titchener aimed to enhance the reliability and validity of introspective data.
IGNOU BPCC 106 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Despite their shared reliance on introspection, Wundt and
Titchener diverged in their methodologies and objectives. Wundt's introspective
method pursued a comprehensive understanding of consciousness, while
Titchener's approach concentrated on dissecting consciousness into its
elemental components. Despite these differences, both psychologists recognized
introspection as a valuable scientific tool for investigating the workings of
the mind and illuminating the nature of consciousness.
Q.2
Describe the different ways in which the elements of consciousness are
described.
Q.3
Discuss the major criticisms against the method of introspection
Q.4
How did the school of structuralism play a role in the development of other
schools and perspectives in psychology?
Q.5
What were the different types of methods used by the functionalists?
Q.6
How is functionalism associated with applied psychology?
Q.7
Discuss the themes of the functionalist movement as suggested by Angell.
Q.8
How did Woodworth carry forward the work of William James and John Dewey?
Q.9
How is psychophysics important for the discipline of psychology?
Q.10
How does the Young-Helmholtz Theory of Color Vision help in explaining
colour-blindness?
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Q.11
Differentiate between mediate and immediate experience
Q.12
How is James’s theory of emotions different from the earlier perspectives on
emotions?
Q.13
Briefly outline Sullivan’s contribution to psychology. In what ways his stages
of personality development differ from that of Erikson?
Q.14
How does Lewin’s notion of the psychological field emphasize on the role of
context in individual behaviour?
Q.15
How is community psychology a shift from the individualistic perspective?
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