IGNOU BANC 102 Important Questions With Answers English Medium
IGNOU BANC 102 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-BANC 102 Introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropology. This course complements BANC-101 by exploring the human experience from a
different lens, focusing on societies, cultures, and the social aspects of
being human
Course Structure:
- Block- 1 Nature and scope
- Block- 3 Theoretical perspectives
- Block-2 Basic concepts
- Block-4 Fieldwork
Q.1
Discuss why British and American Anthropology began differently with focus on
Society and Culture, respectively.
British and American anthropology embarked on divergent
paths, each shaped by distinct historical contexts and intellectual traditions,
leading to differing emphases on society and culture. The roots of British
anthropology can be traced back to the colonial era, where scholars were
primarily concerned with studying non-Western societies encountered through
imperial expansion. Influenced by evolutionary theories, British
anthropologists such as E.B. Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan focused on
understanding the social and cultural development of humanity from simpler to
more complex forms. Their work laid the foundation for a discipline deeply
entrenched in the study of society, particularly in its evolutionary and
comparative aspects.
Also Read-
- IGNOU BPAC 114 Important Questions With Answers English Medium
- IGNOU BPAC 113 Important Questions With Answers English Medium
- IGNOU BPAC 112 Important Questions With Answers English Medium
IGNOU BANC 102 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-In contrast, the emergence of American anthropology was
influenced by a combination of factors, including the nation's unique history
of immigration, cultural diversity, and intellectual currents. Unlike their
British counterparts, early American anthropologists such as Franz Boas
rejected simplistic evolutionary frameworks and instead advocated for a
holistic approach to studying culture. Boasian anthropology emphasized the
importance of understanding societies within their specific historical and
cultural contexts, rejecting universalistic claims about human development.
This marked a significant departure from British anthropology's focus on
societal evolution, placing greater emphasis on the intricacies of culture and the
uniqueness of each society.
Also Check:
The divergent trajectories of British and American anthropology can also be attributed to differences in institutional settings and academic priorities. In Britain, anthropology often developed within the framework of colonial administration and missionary activities, leading to a focus on practical knowledge about non-Western societies. As such, British anthropologists were often tasked with providing insights useful for colonial governance and imperial expansion, shaping the discipline's orientation towards understanding the social structures and customs of colonized peoples.
IGNOU BANC 102 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-On the other hand, American anthropology flourished within
the academic environment of universities, where scholars were granted more
autonomy to pursue theoretical inquiries and engage in interdisciplinary
collaborations. This institutional context encouraged a more nuanced approach
to the study of culture, with American anthropologists exploring topics such as
kinship, language, and symbolism in depth. Moreover, the cultural diversity
within the United States itself provided fertile ground for anthropological
research, fostering a keen interest in understanding the dynamics of
multicultural societies.
FOR
SOLVED PDF
WhatsApp – 8130208920
Furthermore, the intellectual currents prevalent in each
country further contributed to the divergence between British and American
anthropology. In Britain, the influence of social Darwinism and Victorian
notions of progress shaped anthropological thought, leading to an emphasis on
hierarchical classifications of societies based on perceived levels of
advancement. This approach, epitomized by figures like Herbert Spencer,
reinforced colonial hierarchies and contributed to the marginalization of
indigenous cultures.
Conversely, American anthropology was profoundly influenced
by the rise of cultural relativism, championed by Boas and his students.
Cultural relativism posited that each culture must be understood on its own
terms, without imposing external standards of evaluation. This paradigm shift
not only challenged ethnocentric assumptions prevalent in Western thought but
also paved the way for a more empathetic and culturally sensitive approach to
studying human societies.
The divergent trajectories of British and American
anthropology also manifested in their methodological approaches. British
anthropology, heavily influenced by the positivist tradition, often relied on
quantitative data collection methods and statistical analyses to document
cross-cultural variations in social institutions. This approach, exemplified by
the ethnographic surveys conducted by early anthropologists like Bronisław
Malinowski, aimed to uncover universal patterns of social organization and
cultural development.
In contrast, American anthropology embraced qualitative
methods such as participant observation and ethnographic fieldwork, emphasizing
the importance of firsthand engagement with the communities under study. This
methodological shift, inspired by Boas's emphasis on cultural immersion and
linguistic analysis, allowed American anthropologists to gain deep insights
into the lifeways and worldviews of diverse cultures. By privileging
qualitative over quantitative data, American anthropology underscored the
importance of context and subjectivity in understanding human behavior and
cultural practices.
Despite these differences, British and American anthropology
also shared commonalities and underwent significant cross-fertilization over
time. The post-World War II period witnessed increased collaboration and
exchange between scholars from both traditions, leading to the emergence of new
theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches. This period of
intellectual convergence, often referred to as the "post-colonial
moment," saw British anthropologists grappling with the legacies of
colonialism and imperialism, while American anthropologists confronted issues
of power, inequality, and representation within their own society.
Q.2
Discuss the relationship of anthropology with History and Demography.
Q.3
Discuss the tools and techniques used in anthropological fieldwork
Q.4
Define marriage. Discuss the different ways of acquiring a mate.
Q.5
Discuss the scope and relevance of social and cultural anthropology.
Q.6
Discuss the relationship of anthropology with Sociology and Biological
Sciences.
Q.7
Define culture and discuss the various mechanisms of culture change.
Q.8
Discuss the historical background of the development of social and cultural
anthropology
FOR
SOLVED PDF
WhatsApp – 8130208920
Q.9
Define culture. Discuss the elements of culture.
Q.10
Write a note on the history of fieldwork in anthropology.
Q.11
Who suggested the termcomparative sociologyfor the subject social anthropology?
Q.12
What is the basis of psychologicalstudies?
Q.13
What is the common study area of the anthropologists and the historians?
Q.14
Which period of human past is studied by historians?
Q.15
How is management sciences using anthropologicalknowledge?
0 comments:
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.