Research Ethics Notes for UGC NET Paper 1

Research Ethics

Research Ethics Relevance of the research: transparency of research, reliability of results, and therefore the reputation of the researcher within the academic community are extremely important criteria, which determine both the prestige of science itself and therefore the possibilities of successful use of latest knowledge in practice. Therefore, the research ethics isn't a mere “formality,” which is required by academic journal editors, but it's a big a part of research, which is influenced by both the overall trust in scientists, data protection, anonymity, and confidentiality, and therefore the ability to create trust-based relationship with the respondents and retain it.

Research ethics isn't just requirements written during a digest or code of ethics, but also the researcher’s philosophical and value position, also because the discussion continuing for several decades and learning from painful mistakes, as shown by the review of the history of research. during this context, the twin question is consistently relevant: is that the respondent and/or informant only a source of knowledge domain , or also a singular personality, to which the connection with the research or the one that conducts the research doesn't end with a filled questionnaire or the thoughts expressed during the interview. Research Ethics Depersonalization of the connection with subjects of research is comfortable for the researcher, but not for the themes of research. it's quite understandable, but when publishing research results, it's very often limited by a couple of sentences, which mention the moral principles, which were followed when conducting the research. There are different opinions within the debate on the research ethics, for instance , consistent with Guillemin et al.

Who have interviewed Australian researchers, despite the considerable time dedicated to ethics review, ethics committees and research guidelines weren't seen as valuable resources for researchers undertaking research within the field.

Wiles et al. Maintain that the increased regulation of research must enable researchers to attend reflexively to the social context during which consent takes place. However, the very fact that the researchers and people who have expressed the consent to participate within the research are in unequal positions can't be denied, as, for instance , those subjects of research participating within the research for the primary time don't have an equivalent knowledge and skills the researchers have, and during this context, it limits the chances of the choice of the research subjects. Research Ethics Attention is additionally given to the differences between the theoretical considerations and practical applications and therefore the role of the influence of the researcher’s subjectivity, which may affect the moral approach in every individual case.

Problem of research: the matter of the research is raised by the question, how are the moral problems of the research revealed and the way to unravel them within the research of the extent of management culture development when aiming for implementation of corporate social responsibility.

Object of the research: research ethics

Purpose of the research: having defined the key ethical principles of research to present management culture and company social responsibility research ethics.

Objectives of the research:

(1) to define the elemental principles of research ethics and

(2) to present management culture and company social responsibility research ethics.

Methods of the research: this chapter is ready by using the methods of study and synthesis of educational literature.

 UGC NET Paper 1 Syllabus

Ethical aspects of the research

In this section, ethical aspects of the research, which are important not just for this monograph, but also can be valuable in other studies in methodological terms are discussed more extensively. the matter is that, for instance , Lithuania lacks a unified, rigorous scientific community agreement, and different academic communities use different agreements.

Scientific research ethics during a sense may be a unique a part of professional ethics as “high-quality” science requires ethical practice. Many scientists identify the subsequent scientific ethics principles: honesty, objectivity, morality, prudence, openness and respect for property , confidentiality, responsible publication, responsible management, respect for colleagues, social responsibility, anti-discrimination, competence, legitimacy, and security of individuals involved within the research.

It was aimed to reveal the issues of corporate social responsibility analyzed within the monograph by questioning an outsized number of employees and managers of varied levels. Research Ethics it had been planned to hold out different, i.e. qualitative and quantitative research. Therefore, during the preparation for the research, special attention was paid to the specifics of working with people during the survey, and at an equivalent time, especially, big attention was paid to the moral organization and implementation of the research.

Observance of research ethical standards when working with people has relevancy in several senses. Most scientific researches with people are meant for the welfare of mankind, promotion of data and understanding, and/or social and cultural dynamics research. Research Ethics This task is haunted for a spread of reasons, like to facilitate human suffering, to ground social or scientific theories, to dispel ignorance, to research and evaluate policies, and to know human behavior and therefore the evolving human situation. Stern and Elliott noted that research ethics in sense may be a unique a part of professional ethics, as “high-quality” science requires its ethical practice.

Resnik states that first, the existence of ethical standards contributes to achieving the aims in scientific research—knowledge, honesty, and error avoidance. for instance , prohibition to falsify or misinterpret research data promotes fairness and helps to avoid mistakes. Basic definitions describing misconduct in science are fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism. However, they're confused by some less clear professional misconduct categories, like “different questionable behavior” or “other offenses” . Research Ethics Second, consistent with Resnik , because the execution of research project work often requires close cooperation and coordination among many various people and institutions, ethic norms promote values that are necessary to figure together—trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness. Research Ethics for instance , tons of research project ethical standards (such as copyright guidelines, copyright and patenting policy, data exchange policy, and rules on confidentiality applied for colleagues’ assessment) are for the property interests protection and promotion of cooperation. On the opposite hand, as noted by Kardelis , there's no single finally prepared answer on how the researcher should behave in one or other matter associated with the moral decision—it depends on the researcher's ability to seek out a balance among problem areas.

Continuing Resnik’s insights, many scientists wish to be mentioned and evaluated for his or her contribution, but don't want their ideas to be stolen or made public prematurely. Most of the moral standards help ensure scientists accountability to the general public , like policy for negligence in completing research project , conflicts of interests, the protection of individuals involved within the research project , and care of animals used for scientific purposes; all this is often needed so as to make sure the scientists’, whose research is funded by public funds, accountability to the general public . Implementation of research project in accordance with ethical standards promotes public support—people look more favorably at financing of such research project projects, the standard and integrity of which may be trusted. Finally, an outsized a part of research project ethical standards encourage other important moral and social values: social responsibility, human rights, animal welfare, compliance with the law and health, also as safety. Therefore, a researcher working with people requires ethical approval. Ethical approval for research is important for the subsequent reasons :

• Research Ethics to protect research participants’ rights and welfare, and reduce the danger of physical and psychological discomfort, damage, and/or threats appearing due to research procedures;

• Research Ethics to protect the rights of the researchers to hold out a lawful research and reputation of the university implementing or supporting research;

• Research Ethics to reduce the probability of claims for negligence against specific researchers, universities, and every one cooperating persons or organizations;

Research Ethics because research funding agencies and scientific journals in their applications for getting research funding, or as a condition necessary for publication, are increasingly demanding ethical principles wording.

Research Aptitude Notes 

 Research Process Notes 

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