IGNOU BPCC 113 Important Questions With Answers English Medium

Posted By: February 14, 2024 Leave a Reply

IGNOU BPCC 113 Important Questions With Answers English Medium

BPCC 113 Understanding and Dealing with Psychological Disorders. It is a course offered by Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) as part of the Bachelor of Arts (Psychology) programme.

IGNOU BPCC 113 Important Questions With Answers English Medium

Course Structure:

  • Block-1 Mental Disorders-II
  • Block-2 Treatment of Mental Disorders

Q.1 Explain the development of gender identity disorder in children

The development of gender dysphoria in children, now referred to as gender dysphoria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), is a multifaceted process influenced by various factors across biological, psychological, social, and environmental domains. Gender dysphoria emerges when there is a persistent and insistent identification with a gender different from the one assigned at birth. This phenomenon typically begins to surface in early childhood, though the timing can vary among individuals.

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IGNOU BPCC 113 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Biological factors play a significant role in shaping gender identity development. Prenatal exposure to hormones and genetic predispositions are thought to influence the formation of gender identity. Studies suggest that variations in hormone levels during prenatal development may impact gender-typical behaviors and preferences.

Additionally, genetic factors may contribute to individual differences in gender identity development, although the specific genetic mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, neurobiological differences in brain structure and function have been associated with gender identity, suggesting that transgender individuals may exhibit brain patterns more aligned with their experienced gender than their assigned gender.

IGNOU BPCC 113 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Psychological factors are also instrumental in understanding the development of gender dysphoria in children. Internalized beliefs, self-awareness, and cognitive processes all play a role in how children perceive and express their gender identity. Children may internalize societal norms and expectations surrounding gender roles, leading to conflicts between their experienced gender identity and societal expectations based on their assigned gender.

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Furthermore, cognitive processes such as self-concept development and gender schema theory influence children's understanding of gender and their own gender identity. When there is incongruence between their experienced gender identity and societal expectations or their physical body, distress and dysphoria may arise.

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Social and environmental factors significantly shape the development of gender dysphoria in children. Family dynamics, parental attitudes, and caregiver support are crucial influencers. Supportive family environments validate children's experiences and provide space for exploration and expression of gender identity. In contrast, negative or unsupportive family environments may foster feelings of shame and secrecy, exacerbating distress and dysphoria.

IGNOU BPCC 113 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Peers also play a vital role, as socialization and peer interactions contribute to a child's understanding and acceptance of their gender identity. Supportive peer relationships can provide validation and acceptance, while negative interactions may lead to isolation and distress. Moreover, media and cultural influences perpetuate gender stereotypes and norms, which can alienate gender-diverse children. However, increased representation of gender-diverse individuals in media can promote acceptance and positive self-image.

Q.2 Discuss the causal factors in the etiology of paraphilias

Q.3 Elucidate the role of socio-cultural factors in development of gender differences in sexuality

Q.4 Describe the paraphilic disorders as listed in DSM-5

Q.5 What are the main criteria for sexual dysfunctions in men and women? Discuss the treatment approaches.

Q.6 Describe various psychoactive drugs associated with substance use disorders.

Q.7 Explain the psychosocial treatment of substance use disorders.

Q.8 Define personality disorders. What are the general DSM criteria for diagnosing personality disorder?

Q.9 What are the issues in understanding the causes of personality disorder?

Q.10 Mention the characteristics of the three clusters of the personality disorders.

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Q.11 Explain the goals of gestalt therapy and describe the exercises and experiments in gestalt therapy.

Q.12 Explain gestalt therapy with a focus on its key concepts

Q.13 What are the principles of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy?

Q.14 Discuss the principles and techniques of behaviour modification.

Q.15 What are the common cognitive biases? How do they originate?

 

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