IGNOU BANC 104 Important Questions With Answers English Medium
IGNOU BANC 104 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-BANC 104 Human Origin and Evolution is a course offered by
the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) that deals with the study of
human origins and the evolutionary processes that led to modern Homo sapiens.
Course Structure:
- Block-1 Palaeoanthropology and Primate Evolution
- Block-2 Early Hominids
- Block-3 Homo erectus to modern homo sapiens
Q.1
What is organic evolution ? Briefly discuss the significance of fossils in
understanding organic evolution.
Organic evolution denotes the gradual transformation of
living organisms across successive generations, driven by mechanisms like
natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow. Charles Darwin's
groundbreaking theory of evolution by natural selection, elucidated in his
seminal work "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, proposed that
organisms with advantageous traits have a higher likelihood of passing on their
genes, leading to the diversification of species over time.
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IGNOU BANC 104 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Fossils are pivotal in comprehending organic evolution as
they provide tangible evidence of past life forms and the evolutionary
processes that have sculpted Earth's biodiversity. Fossils, which encompass preserved
remains or traces of ancient organisms found in various geological formations,
including bones, shells, footprints, and DNA remnants, facilitate
paleontologists' study in reconstructing the evolutionary history of life
forms.
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The significance of fossils in understanding organic
evolution is multifaceted. Firstly, fossils serve as historical documentation
of life on Earth, enabling scientists to trace the evolutionary trajectories of
different species and discern patterns of biodiversity over geological epochs.
Through the examination of fossil records, researchers can delineate the
phylogenetic relationships between organisms and unravel the evolutionary
pathways culminating in modern taxa.
IGNOU BANC 104 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Moreover, fossils unveil insights into extinct species and transitional
forms, bridging gaps in the evolutionary narrative. Transitional fossils,
exemplified by discoveries like Archaeopteryx, a bird-like dinosaur with
feathered wings, offer tangible evidence of evolutionary links between ancient
and contemporary organisms, elucidating pivotal evolutionary transitions.
Additionally, fossils provide glimpses into past environments
and ecosystems, facilitating reconstructions of ancient habitats and climate
conditions. By analyzing fossilized remains, scientists can infer past
vegetation patterns, climatic shifts, and ecological dynamics, enriching our
understanding of Earth's history.
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IGNOU BANC 104 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Furthermore, fossils showcase evolutionary adaptations and
responses to environmental pressures, such as climate change, competition, and
predation. Variations in fossil morphology, anatomy, and physiology offer
insights into how species have evolved over time, adapting to changing
ecological contexts and selective pressures.
Fossils also play a crucial role in dating geological strata,
providing chronological frameworks for evolutionary events. Radiometric dating
techniques applied to fossil-bearing rocks allow scientists to establish the
timing of key evolutionary milestones, such as mass extinctions and species
diversification events.
Q.2
What is dating methods ? Briefly discuss any two methods of absolute dating
Q.3
Who are Archaic Homo Sapiens ? Briefly discuss the cultural behaviour of
Archaic Homo Sapiens
Q.4
Briefly discuss the anatomical changes taking place during Bipedalism.
Q.5
What is your understanding about Australopithecus stage in human evolution ?
Describe the stone tools and dietary pattern of Australopithecus
Q.6
What is Craniometry ? Describe any four craniometric measurements.
Q.7
Who are early Homo Sapiens ? Discuss its fossil evidences and distribution.
Q.8
Discuss the phylogenetic status and lifeways of Homoerectus.
Q.9
Describe the craniofacial features of Neanderthals
Q.10
Discuss the importance of Osteometry in anthropological research.
Q.11
What is palaeoanthropology ? Briefly comment on fossils and their preservation.
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Q.12
Briefly discuss the importance of Cenozoic era with reference to primate and
human evolution.
Q.13
What are the characteristic features of Ramapithecus ? Discuss its position in
human evolution.
Q.14
Write a comparative note on the morphology of Australopithecus and Homo
habilis.
Q.15
Who discovered Homo habilis? Why it is known as “Handy Man”?
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