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002 Solved Assignment 2022-23 , FREE MPS
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Answer
any five questions selecting at least two from each of the sections.
Your answers should be in about 500 words
each.
SECTION- I
Q1. Explain the role of UN in the
current world order.
Following military defeats in Syria and Iraq, IS shifted its
attention to the Sahel, with deaths from terrorism rising ten times in the
region since 2007. The Sahel has become the new epicentre of terrorism.
Terrorism in the region is compounded by high population growth, lack of
adequate water and food, climate change and weak governments. Adding to the
complexity, many criminal organisations are representing themselves as Islamic
insurgencies.
The annual Global Terrorism Index, now in its ninth year, is
developed by leading international think tank the Institute of Economics
and Peace (IEP) and provides the most comprehensive resource on global
terrorism trends. The GTI uses a number of factors to calculate its score,
including the number of incidences, fatalities, injuries and hostages, and
combines it with conflict and socio-economic data to provide a holistic picture
of terrorism.
The Index shows that terrorism is becoming increasingly
concentrated, contracting into countries already suffering from violent
conflict. Conflict zones accounted for 97% of all deaths. The ten countries
most affected by terrorism are all in conflict zones. Only 44 countries
recorded a death from terrorism in 2021, compared to 55 countries in 2015.
The largest increase in terrorism was in Myanmar, where
deaths rose 23 times from 24 to 521, followed by Niger, where deaths doubled,
increasing from 257 in 2020 to 588 in 2021. Mozambique had the largest drop in
terrorism deaths, falling by 82% to 93. The success was largely driven by
counter-insurgency operations against IS by Mozambican forces, with support
from Rwanda and the Southern African Development Community.
Seventy years ago the world witnessed the conclusion of two
months of intense multilateral diplomacy, with the signing of the Charter of
the United Nations. In one of the defining acts of the twentieth century,
representatives of 50 countries endorsed the formation of an international
organization created in the hopes of preserving peace and building a better
world for all. Encapsulated in the opening words of the Preamble of the
Charter, “We the peoples…” is a promise to humanity that the United Nations and
its Member States have strived to uphold for the last seven decades. As we mark
this important anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, we should
take a moment to reflect on all that has been accomplished, and the work that
is ahead of us. Certainly, the United Nations has strived and continues to
strive for humanity’s progress and well-being. The work of the United Nations
impacts people around the world on issues related to peace and security,
development and human rights; from disarmament to efforts to combat terrorism
and extremism; from conflict prevention to peacekeeping and peacebuilding; from
disease prevention to the promotion of gender equality and universal education;
from refugee resettlement to humanitarian assistance; from the rule of law to
the fight against transnational crime.
Yet, given the fundamental ways in which the world has
changed over the last seven decades, there is a clear need to reform the United
Nations and its principal organs. One needs to look no further than the
exponential growth of the membership of the Organization; from 50 countries in
1945 to 193 countries today. The United Nations needs to transform itself in
line with current geopolitical realities to maintain its relevance and improve
its effectiveness. The General Assembly needs to be revitalized. The Security
Council needs to be reformed. And the Economic and Social Council needs to be
reinvigorated. Furthermore, the relationship between the General Assembly and
the Security Council needs to be strengthened. As we celebrate the 70th
anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, we have an unprecedented
opportunity to improve the everyday lives of people around the world, by
putting “people at the centre of all we do”. In a year when the world’s
attention is focused on the future, three important processes are underway that
will seek to improve the daily lives of people around the world.
The adoption of an ambitious and transformative post-2015
development agenda, the Third International Conference on Financing for
Development in Addis Ababa in July 2015 and the agreement on a new universal
and legally binding climate change agreement this December in Paris will be
monumental milestones towards improving the livelihoods of people around the
world. As we celebrate this important anniversary and reflect on the role of
the United Nations, we should feel heartened by all that has been achieved.
From supporting the major decolonization efforts across Africa and Asia to
providing a critical platform for discourse throughout the cold war; from
eradicating extreme poverty and hunger to addressing the pressing challenge of
climate change; the United Nations has been at the forefront of efforts to
ensure a secure, prosperous and equitable world. As we mark 70 years of
existence, we have every reason to celebrate all that our community of nations
has achieved. In doing so, we should also look to the future and strive to
transform the United Nations to ensure that it remains effective and relevant
in a dynamic and globalized new world.
International terrorism refers to terrorism that goes beyond
national boundaries in terms of the methods used, the people that are targeted
or the places from which the terrorists operate.
Terrorist groups in Syria and Iraq, including Al Qaeda and
the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), possess both the intention and
the capability to direct attacks against the West. The UK is a high-priority
target for Islamist extremists and they pose a significant threat to our
country and to our interests and citizens abroad. Despite the current main
focus on terrorism originating from Syria and Iraq, the threat of terrorism
also emanates from other parts of the Middle East and regions such as North,
East and West Africa, South and South East Asia.
The majority of terrorist attack plots in this country have
been planned by British residents. There are several thousand individuals in
the UK who support violent extremism or are engaged in Islamist extremist
activity. Some British nationals travel overseas to train with extremist groups
and return to the UK with the view to plan attacks, but increasingly the
terrorist threat from within the UK emanates from individuals radicalised by
individuals and material online. Once radicalised, an individual might
decide to conduct an attack in the name of Islam without any prior signs of
radicalisation. Simple, self-organised attacks by UK-based Islamist extremists
have increased and are inherently harder to detect than more complex and
ambitious plots.
The 2022 Global Terrorism Index (GTI) reveals that despite
an increase in attacks, the impact of terrorism continues to decline. In 2021,
deaths from terrorism fell by 1.2% to 7,142, while attacks rose by 17%,
highlighting that terrorism is becoming less lethal. Two thirds of countries
recorded no attacks or deaths from terrorism – the best result since 2007 –
while 86 countries recorded an improvement on their GTI score. The number of
deaths has remained approximately the same for the last four years.
The Index highlights that terrorism remains a serious
threat, with Sub-Saharan Africa accounting for 48% of total global deaths from
terrorism. Four of the ten countries with the largest increases in deaths from
terrorism were also in sub-Saharan Africa: Niger, Mali, the DRC and Burkina
Faso.
Q2. Define international terrorism. How does patriotism become the epicenter of terrorism?
Q3. Do you think the world is unipolar, bipolar or multipolar? Explain with example.
Q4. What is ethnicity? Explain the reasons of
ethnic wars.
Q5. Migration has become an
international issue. Explain the reasons of refugee issues in the world.
SECTION- II
Write a short note on each part of the
following questions in about 250 words.
Q6. a) Realist Theory
b) Democratic peace theory
Q7. a) The role of International
Monetary Fund (IMF)
b) Issues of Human Rights
Q8. a) Nuclear threats
b) East –West divide
Q9. a) Marxist approach to
International Relations
b) Neo-liberal theory of IR
Q10. a) Define basic features of South Asia
b) Indigenous Movements
MPS 002
Handwritten Assignment 2022-23
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Important Note - You may be aware that
you need to submit your assignments before you can appear for the Term End
Exams. Please remember to keep a copy of your completed assignment, just in
case the one you submitted is lost in transit.
Submission Date :
·
31st March
2023 (if enrolled in the July 2022 Session)
·
30th Sept,
2023 (if enrolled in the January 2023 session).
IGNOU Instructions for the MPS 002 Assignments
MPS 002 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: THEORY AND
PROBLEMS Assignment 2022-23 Before attempting the assignment, please read the following
instructions carefully.
1. Read the detailed instructions about the assignment given in
the Handbook and Programme Guide.
2. Write your enrolment number, name, full address and
date on the top right corner of the first page of your response sheet(s).
3. Write the course title, assignment number and the name of the
study centre you are attached to in the centre of the first page of
your response sheet(s).
4. Use only
foolscap size paper for your response and tag all the pages
carefully
5. Write the relevant question number with each answer.
6. You should write in your own handwriting.
GUIDELINES FOR IGNOU Assignments 2022-23
MPS 002 Solved Assignment 2022-23 You will find it useful to keep the
following points in mind:
1. Planning: Read the questions carefully. Go through the units on which they
are based. Make some points regarding each question and then rearrange these in
a logical order. And please write the answers in your own words. Do not
reproduce passages from the units.
2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analytic before
drawing up a rough outline of your answer. In an essay-type question, give
adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion. The introduction must
offer your brief interpretation of the question and how you propose to develop
it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the course
of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as
this will add some depth to your analysis.
3. Presentation: Once you are satisfied with your answers, you
can write down the final version for submission, writing each answer neatly and
underlining the points you wish to emphasize.
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MPS 002
Handwritten Assignment 2022-23
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