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Answer any five questions selecting at least two from each of the sections.

Your answers should be in about 500 words each.

SECTION- I

Q1. Examine political science as a science.

With the interaction of the new forces necessitating new approaches to the study of Political Science, it has been suggested that Political Science should no longer be defined in terms of objects such as the State. It should be defined only in terms of activity. Accordingly, Catlin defines Political Science as the study of the act of human and social control or the study of the control relationship of wills. Others would hardly make it distinguishable from the subject matter of Sociology. German writers regard it as the study concerning the problem of power and social control. Whatever be the merits of arch definitions, they have not so far taken any tangible shape, and the well-accepted ideas about Political Science continue to hold good. MPS 001 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Contemporary political scientists discard institutions’ rationalistic account and clothe the old tools used in man’s governance with new terms. Concepts derived horn sociological and anthropological theories wholesome.

Political Science is the scientific designation of the subject of our study. This name has been accepted by the political scientists drawn from various countries assembled in a meeting under UNESCO’s auspices. It covers the whole range of knowledge regarding the political governance of man. According to Paul Janet: “Political Science is that part of social science which treats the foundations of the State and the principles of government.” MPS 001 Solved Assignment 2022-23 The foundations of the State and government principles have their roots in the past, and their branches swing towards the future. It is a systematic study that goes deep into yesterday’s political problems for the benefit of today and utilities the wisdom gained therefrom for the aspirations of better tomorrow.

So far, we have treated the subject of our study as a science. Aristotle regarded Politics as the master of supreme science. Distinguished scholars, like Bodin, Hobbes, Sidgwick, and Bryce, had held the same view. But some earlier writers denied this claim of Political Science. They maintained that there could be no such thing as a scientific study of the phenomena of the State and government. They agreed with Burke that there was no science of politics any more than there was a science of aesthetics, for the lines of politics are not like the lines of mathematics. They are broad and deep as well as long. MPS 001 Solved Assignment 2022-23 They admit of exceptions they demand modifications. No lines can be laid down for civil or political wisdom. They are a matter incapable of exact definition.

MPS 001 POLITICAL THEORY Solved Assignment 2022-23

Political Science is neither an exact science, nor can it claim to predict the future with certainty. The results in physical sciences, like Physics and Chemistry, are definite and terrain true under given conditions for all men and indifferent climes. If there is any variation, it can be tested and explained. But it is impossible to place men in a laboratory as if they were guinea pigs, nor is it possible to impose precise laboratory conditions on the political sphere in real life. Political Science deals with men, and it is a living subject matter which can be explained in terms of living human activity. It cannot be expressed in fixed or static formulae. Man rs dynamic, and so must his institutions be They must adjust themselves with the changing demands of man and his manifold needs. No institution is today what it was yesterday and what it will be tomorrow, any more than I am myself the same on two consecutive days. It is the human element or the subject’s liveliness that makes Political Science inexact and indefinite. MPS 001 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Then Thee subject matter of Political Science is involved the problem of values, though contemporary political scientists have attempted to make the subject value tires. All political issues can best be explained in terms of mad and ethical standards, or to put it more precisely, they should be based on justice.

There are two words in medicine, a Professor of Medicine said to his pupils that you never use. They are ‘Always ‘ and ‘ Never, ‘and the same applies to Political Science. Nevil Johnson suggests five distinct aspects in which Political Science appears to differ from the physical and the natural sciences. Firstly, in physical and natural sciences, the evidence is objective, usually measured and expressed quantitatively, whereas, in Political Science, we assess the significance of the evidence, and personal judgments are involved. Secondly, experiments can be repeated in the physical and natural sciences, but the problems are unique in politics. MPS 001 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Then, there are too many uncertainties in the materials and evidence for prediction; we aim rather at “informed and critical estimates.“ Fourthly in politics, also, our revised conclusions do not always rest upon fresh evidence but sometimes upon reinterpretations, new points of view, and insight; old works are not necessarily worthless. Finally, when we ask political questions, we at the same time begin to shape the answers we shall give such answers spring from imagination and insight. In general, our methods of inquiry have much in common with those in the natural sciences. How we work out causal explanations and test them owes much to their example. Still, we cannot produce a blueprint for action or make statements with the same degree of accuracy as the natural sciences.

Q2. Trace the genesis of democracy.

The origins of democracy can be traced back to ancient Greece, specifically the city-state of Athens in the 5th century BCE. The Athenians developed a system of government in which citizens would participate directly in the decision-making process through a system of group voting known as "direct democracy." This form of democracy was limited to adult male citizens and excluded women, slaves, and foreigners.

Over time, democracy has evolved and spread to other cultures, taking on various forms such as representative democracy and constitutional democracy. In a representative democracy, citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. This form of democracy is more common in modern times and is used in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom. In a constitutional democracy, the power of the government is limited by a written constitution, which sets out the rights and freedoms of citizens.

The spread of democracy around the world is a complex process that has been shaped by historical, cultural, and economic factors. The ideas of democracy and human rights have been influenced by the Enlightenment of the 18th century, the American and French Revolutions of the 18th century, and the end of colonialism in the 20th century.

Q3. Examine the inter-relationship of duties and rights within liberal thought.

In liberal thought, the relationship between duties and rights is one of mutual reinforcement. On one hand, rights are seen as protected by government and society, and individuals have a duty to respect the rights of others. On the other hand, having rights also implies having responsibilities or duties, such as the duty to not infringe on the rights of others.

For example, the right to freedom of speech carries with it the duty to not use that freedom to incite violence or discrimination against others. Similarly, the right to property carries with it the duty to not use that property to harm others or the environment.

This relationship between rights and duties is also reflected in the idea of negative and positive rights. Negative rights are rights that protect individuals from government interference, such as the right to free speech, while positive rights are rights that require government or society to take action to protect them, such as the right to education or healthcare.

In liberal thought, individuals have a duty to respect the rights of others and to participate in the process of government and society, so that their rights are protected. At the same time, the government and society have a duty to protect the rights of individuals. This mutual responsibility is seen as crucial for the maintenance of a free and just society.

In summary, within liberal thought, duties and rights are inter-related, and individuals have the rights to do certain things, but also have the responsibility to not harm others in exercising those rights. This balance between rights and responsibilities is considered important in ensuring a just and fair society.

Q4. Discuss negative liberty.

Q5. What is equality? Explain.

SECTION- II

Write a short note on the following in about 250 words each.

6. (a) Classical Liberalism

(b) Liberal democratic welfare state

7. (a) Libertarianism

(b) Party as vanguard of the proletariat (V. I. Lenin)

8. (a) Gramsci’s notion of hegemony

(b) Critique of Marxism and Democratic Socialism

9. (a) Conservatism

(b) Fundamentalism

10. (a) Nationalism

(b) Multiculturalism

MPS 001 Assignment 2022-23 PDF

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Important Note - You may be aware that you need to submit your assignments before you can appear for the Term End Exams. Please remember to keep a copy of your completed assignment, just in case the one you submitted is lost in transit.

Submission Date :

· 31st March 2023 (if enrolled in the July 2022 Session)

· 30th Sept, 2023 (if enrolled in the January 2023 session).

IGNOU Instructions for the MPS 001 Assignments

MPS 001 POLITICAL THEORY Assignment 2022-23 Before attempting the assignment, please read the following instructions carefully.

1. Read the detailed instructions about the assignment given in the Handbook and Programme Guide.

2. Write your enrolment number, name, full address and date on the top right corner of the first page of your response sheet(s).

3. Write the course title, assignment number and the name of the study centre you are attached to in the centre of the first page of your response sheet(s).

4. Use only foolscap size paper for your response and tag all the pages carefully

5. Write the relevant question number with each answer.

6. You should write in your own handwriting.

GUIDELINES FOR IGNOU Assignments 2022-23

MPS 001 Solved Assignment 2022-23 You will find it useful to keep the following points in mind:

1. Planning: Read the questions carefully. Go through the units on which they are based. Make some points regarding each question and then rearrange these in a logical order. And please write the answers in your own words. Do not reproduce passages from the units.

2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analytic before drawing up a rough outline of your answer. In an essay-type question, give adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion. The introduction must offer your brief interpretation of the question and how you propose to develop it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the course of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as this will add some depth to your analysis.

3. Presentation: Once you are satisfied with your answers, you can write down the final version for submission, writing each answer neatly and underlining the points you wish to emphasize.

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