IGNOU BNRI 103 Solved Assignment 2024-25

BNRI 103 Solved Assignment 2024-25

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Course Code: BNRI 103

Assignment Code: BNRI 103 ASST/TMA/2024-25

Marks: 100

NOTE: All questions are compulsory

Note: Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment to the Coordinator of yourstudy centre. Last date of submission for July 2023 session is 31st October, 2023 and for January 2024 session is 30th April 2024.

Q1. Define soil erosion. Explain causes of soil erosion. Describe the different forms of water erosion.

Soil erosion refers to the process by which soil particles are detached, transported, and deposited at another location due to natural forces such as wind, water, ice, or human activities. It is a significant environmental problem that can lead to the loss of fertile topsoil, decreased agricultural productivity, sedimentation in water bodies, and degradation of land quality.

Water Erosion: This is the most common type of soil erosion and occurs due to the action of rainfall, surface runoff, and flowing water. It is further influenced by factors such as soil type, slope gradient, land use practices, and vegetation cover.

Wind Erosion: Wind erosion occurs in areas with dry and loose soils, typically in arid or semi-arid regions. Strong winds lift and carry away soil particles, leading to the formation of features like sand dunes and the loss of fertile topsoil.

Tillage: Intensive farming practices such as plowing, tilling, and cultivating can disturb the soil structure, making it more susceptible to erosion by wind and water.

Deforestation: Removal of trees and vegetation exposes the soil to the erosive forces of wind and water, increasing the risk of erosion.

Overgrazing: Excessive grazing by livestock can damage vegetation cover, leading to soil compaction, reduced water infiltration, and increased erosion susceptibility.

Construction Activities: Urbanization and construction projects often involve soil disturbance, which can accelerate erosion if proper erosion control measures are not implemented.

Climate Change: Changes in precipitation patterns, increased intensity of rainfall events, and rising temperatures can exacerbate soil erosion by altering soil moisture levels and vegetation cover.

Sheet Erosion: Occurs when thin layers of soil are removed uniformly from the surface by rainfall and runoff, giving the land a sheet-like appearance.

Rill Erosion: As water flows over the land, it concentrates into small channels called rills, which gradually deepen and widen, carrying away soil particles.

Gully Erosion: When rills become larger and deeper, they form gullies. Gully erosion involves the rapid removal of soil along drainage lines, creating deep channels that can significantly alter the landscape.

Streambank Erosion: Along riverbanks and streambanks, the force of flowing water can erode and undermine the soil, leading to bank collapse and sedimentation downstream.

Ephemeral Erosion: This type of erosion occurs during intense rainfall events, where water quickly washes away surface soil, leaving behind small channels and gullies.

Splash Erosion: Raindrops hitting the soil surface dislodge and splash soil particles, initiating the erosion process. Splash erosion is often the first stage of water erosion and contributes to the formation of rills and gullies over time.

Understanding the causes and forms of soil erosion is crucial for implementing effective erosion control measures and sustainable land management practices.

Q2. Describe Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) for estimation of water erosion losses along with defining its various terms.

Q3. Describe the processes of wind erosion. Explain the factors affecting wind erosion.

Q4. Describe biological and agronomic measures to control soil erosion.

Q5. Define artificial groundwater recharge. Write advantages of artificial groundwater recharge. Enlist methods of artificial groundwater recharge.

BNRI 103 Handwritten Assignment 2024-25

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Important Note - You may be aware that you need to submit your assignments before you can appear for the Term End Exams. Please remember to keep a copy of your completed assignment, just in case the one you submitted is lost in transit.

Submission Date :

31st March 2023 (if enrolled in the July 2024-25 Session)

30th Sept, 2023 (if enrolled in the January 2024-25 session).

IGNOU Instructions for the BNRI 103 Assignments

BNRI 103 Soil and Water Conservation Assignment 2024-25 Before ate mpting the assignment, please read the following instructions carefully.

1. Read the detailed instructions about the assignment given in the Handbook and Programme Guide.

3. Write the course title, assignment number and the name of the study centre you are attached to in the centre of the first page of your response sheet(s).

4. Use only foolscap size paper for your response and tag all the pages carefully

5. Write the relevant question number with each answer.

6. You should write in your own handwriting.

GUIDELINES FOR IGNOU Assignment BNRI 103023-24

BNRI 103 Solved Assignment 2024-25 You will find it useful to keep the following points in mind:

1. Planning: Read the questions carefully. Go through the units on which they are based. Make some points regarding each question and then rearrange these in a STATISTICS IN PSYCHOLOGYal order. And please write the answers in your own words. Do not reproduce passages from the units.

2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analytic before drawing up a rough outline of your answer. In an essay-type question, give adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion. The introduction must offer your brief interpretation of the question and how you propose to develop it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the course of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as this will add some depth to your analysis.

3. Presentation: Once you are satisfied with your answers, you can write down the final version for submission, writing each answer neatly and underlining the points you wish to emphasize.

IGNOU Assignment Front Page

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BNRI 103 Handwritten Assignment 2024-25

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