IGNOU MWG 011 Important Questions With Answers English Medium
IGNOU MWG 011 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-MWG 011 Women in the Economy is a course offered by Indira
Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) that explores the complex relationship
between women and economic participation in India.
Course Structure:
- Block 1: Conceptualizing Women's Work: Introduces key concepts related to women's work, gender and development, and feminist economic theory.
- Block 2: Historiographical Issues and Debates: Examines historical trends in women's economic participation and debates surrounding their contributions and marginalization.
- Block 3: Participation: Analyzes women's involvement in various economic sectors, including formal and informal work, agriculture, self-employment, and entrepreneurship.
- Block 4: Migration: Explores the impact of migration on women's economic lives, analyzing both internal and international migration trends.
- Block 5: Legislation, Social Protection and Policy: Examines legal frameworks, social protection schemes, and government policies affecting women's economic opportunities and well-being.
- Block 6: Women and Globalization: Investigates the impact of globalization on women's economic lives, considering both challenges and opportunities presented by changing global markets and trade policies.
Q.1
Explain the concept and meaning of work for women. What are the implications of
under enumeration of
work done by women ?
The multifaceted concept of work for women encompasses a
diverse range of activities, spanning from traditional domestic
responsibilities to formal employment, community engagement, and cultural
contributions. However, the under-enumeration of women's work has significant
repercussions, perpetuating gender inequalities and hindering the
acknowledgment of women's comprehensive economic, social, and cultural
contributions.
IGNOU MWG 011 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Work for women traditionally falls into two spheres:
productive and reproductive. Productive work involves wage-earning activities,
such as formal employment, entrepreneurship, or agricultural labor. In
contrast, reproductive work encompasses unpaid household responsibilities like
childcare, eldercare, cooking, and cleaning. However, this binary
oversimplifies the complex nature of women's work, as many engage in both
simultaneously, a phenomenon known as the "double burden" or
"dual roles." Juggling formal employment with domestic
responsibilities places an additional strain on women, impacting their time,
energy, and overall well-being.
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Women's work extends beyond these conventional categories and
includes significant contributions to community development, volunteering, and
cultural practices. Their roles in community welfare, education, healthcare,
and various non-monetized activities are integral to societal functioning.
Recognizing and valuing these diverse forms of work is essential for a
comprehensive understanding of the holistic role women play in social and
economic systems.
The implications of under-enumeration of work done by women
are profound and contribute to gender disparities on multiple fronts. A primary
consequence is the invisibility of women's contributions to the economy. Many
women, particularly in developing countries, engage in informal and unpaid
work, such as subsistence farming, home-based enterprises, and unpaid family
labor. The lack of recognition for these activities in official statistics and
economic analyses leads to the underestimation of women's economic contributions.
IGNOU MWG 011 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Furthermore, under-enumeration reinforces gender wage gaps by
devaluing women's labor, especially in the informal sector and domestic
settings. This devaluation is mirrored in lower wages and restricted
opportunities for career advancement, perpetuating economic inequalities
between men and women.
The underestimation of women's work also has repercussions
for social welfare policies and resource allocation. In the absence of accurate
data on the nature and extent of women's contributions, policymakers may
neglect effective policies addressing maternal health, childcare, and social
support systems. The oversight of women's work in policy considerations results
in the neglect of crucial areas impacting women's well-being and impedes
overall community development.
Under-enumeration also extends to cultural and societal
domains, where women's contributions to preserving cultural heritage,
transmitting traditions, and sustaining community networks are often overlooked
or undervalued. This perpetuates gender stereotypes, limiting societal
perceptions of women's capabilities and reinforcing traditional gender roles.
IGNOU MWG 011 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-In the context of reproductive work, the underestimation of
women's contributions within the household has implications for gender
equality. The lack of recognition for domestic labor and caregiving
responsibilities reinforces the notion that such work is inherently women's
responsibility, further entrenching gendered divisions of labor and hindering
progress towards equitable distribution of responsibilities within households.
The under-enumeration of women's work intersects with other
forms of social stratification, exacerbating inequalities faced by marginalized
women. Those from lower socio-economic backgrounds, rural areas, and minority
communities often engage in unrecognized informal and unpaid activities,
exacerbating existing socio-economic disparities.
Addressing the under-enumeration of women's work requires a
multifaceted approach. Improved data collection methodologies that capture the
diversity of women's contributions are essential, including recognizing and
valuing informal and unpaid work, incorporating gender-sensitive indicators
into economic assessments, and adopting intersectional perspectives that
consider the diverse experiences of women.
Policy interventions should focus on promoting
gender-responsive labor laws and social protection mechanisms. This includes
ensuring equal pay for equal work, supporting work-life balance, and
initiatives that encourage women's participation in diverse sectors of the
economy.
Transforming cultural and societal attitudes towards women's
work is imperative. Challenging traditional gender norms, promoting equal
sharing of domestic responsibilities, and fostering a broader appreciation for
the various forms of work undertaken by women are crucial steps towards
achieving gender equality.
Education and awareness campaigns play a pivotal role in
challenging stereotypes and promoting a more inclusive understanding of women's
contributions. By highlighting the diverse roles that women play in economic,
social, and cultural spheres, these initiatives contribute to changing
perceptions and fostering a more equitable appreciation of women's work.
Q.2
Discuss segmentation of labour market and its impact on women.
Q.3
Explain the causes of wage differentials between men and women workers.
Q.5
Discuss the importance of productive and reproductive work done by women. Give
examples in support of your arguments.
Q.6
Explain different approaches to social protection. Discuss why are gender
concerns important in social protection.
Q.8
What is understood by migration ? Discuss the linkages between gender migration
and development. Give examples to support your argument.
Q.9
Explain the distinctive features of MGNREGA. 20 Critically analyse its impact
on women's empowerment.
Q.10
Write an essay on Feminsation of poverty and 20 workforce as a global issue.
Q.11
What is meant by ‘Social Protection’ ? Discuss the importance of social
protection for women workers in India, especially given their vulnerability in
the labour market
Q.12
Discuss the concept of ‘Planning’ in India with specific focus on women
components in various Five Year Plans.
Q.13
Critically examine the extent and importance of women workers’ contribution to
the Indian economy. Give suitable examples in support of your arguments.
Q.14
What is understood by mobilisation and resistance ? Discuss the background and
various theoretical assumptions underlying mobilisation and resistance put up
by women workers in India.
Q.15
Discuss the importance of productive and reproductive work of women in the
light of feminist understanding. Give examples to explain your point of view.
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