IGNOU MPYE-001 Important Questions With Answers English Medium
As you previously mentioned, MPYE-001 refers to the course
code for Indian Philosophy in the first year of the Master of Arts in
Philosophy (MAPY) program offered by Indira Gandhi National Open University
(IGNOU).
Course Structure
- Foundation of Psychology: This may include an overview of the history of psychology, different schools of thought, and foundational theories.
- Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology: Understanding research methods and statistical analysis is crucial in psychology. This section may cover experimental design, data collection methods, and basic statistical analysis.
- Biological Basis of Behavior: Exploring the physiological and neurological factors that contribute to human behavior.
- Cognitive Processes: Studying mental processes such as perception, memory, learning, and problem-solving.
- Social Psychology: Examining how individuals think, feel, and behave in social situations. Topics may include social influence, group dynamics, and interpersonal relationships.
- Personality Theories: Exploring different theories of personality and how they influence behavior.
- Abnormal Psychology: Understanding mental disorders, their classification, and treatment options.
- Counseling Psychology: Introduction to counseling theories, techniques, and ethical considerations.
- Developmental Psychology: Examining human development across the lifespan, including cognitive, social, and emotional aspects.
- Industrial-Organizational Psychology: Exploring psychological principles in the workplace, including topics like motivation, leadership, and organizational behavior.
- Health Psychology: Understanding the psychological factors that contribute to physical health and well-being.
Q.1 Distinguish between pure hypothetical syllogism and mixed
hypothetical syllogism with examples.
Hypothetical syllogism is a form of deductive reasoning that relies on conditional statements or hypothetical propositions, often expressed as "if-then" propositions, where the truth of one statement (the antecedent) implies the truth of another statement (the consequent). This logical framework encompasses two primary categories: pure hypothetical syllogism and mixed hypothetical syllogism.
IGNOU MPYE-001 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-The distinction between these lies in the nature of the relationships between the conditional statements and the terms they involve. In this exploration, we will delve into the characteristics of each type, elucidating their differences through examples.
Also Read-
A pure hypothetical syllogism is characterized by a logical
structure comprising three conditional propositions. Notably, all statements
within this syllogism share a common term, establishing a clear and direct
logical connection between them. Consider the following example:
1. If it rains, then the streets will be wet.
2. If the streets are wet, then people will use umbrellas.
3. Therefore, if it rains, then people will use umbrellas.
In this pure hypothetical syllogism, the common term is
"rain." The conditional relationships between rain and wet streets,
as well as wet streets and the use of umbrellas, allow for a seamless
progression of logical connections. The conclusion logically combines these
relationships, asserting that if it rains, people will use umbrellas. The
structured coherence of a pure hypothetical syllogism enhances the clarity of
deductive reasoning.
IGNOU MPYE-001 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Conversely, a mixed hypothetical syllogism involves three
conditional propositions, but the statements do not share a common term.
Instead, the syllogism connects the antecedent of the first proposition to the
consequent of the second proposition and so on, forming a chain of conditional
relationships. An example can elucidate this concept:
1. If it snows heavily, then schools will close.
2. If schools close, then students will have a day off.
3. Therefore, if it snows heavily, then students will have a
day off.
In this mixed hypothetical syllogism, the terms "snow," "schools closing," and "students having a day off" are distinct. The progression involves the condition of heavy snow leading to school closures, which, in turn, leads to students having a day off.
IGNOU MPYE-001 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-The conclusion combines these distinct relationships, asserting that heavy
snowfall will result in students having a day off. Unlike the straightforward
connections in pure hypothetical syllogisms, mixed hypothetical syllogisms
necessitate careful consideration of the chain of conditional relationships.
Further exemplification can illuminate the differences
between pure and mixed hypothetical syllogisms:
Pure Hypothetical Syllogism:
1. If the bakery runs out of bread, then customers will be
disappointed.
2. If customers are disappointed, then they may not return to
the bakery.
3. Therefore, if the bakery runs out of bread, then customers
may not return.
In this example, the common term is "the bakery running
out of bread." The logical progression establishes a direct link between
the potential disappointment of customers and the likelihood of them not
returning to the bakery.
Mixed Hypothetical Syllogism:
1. If there is a power outage, then the refrigerator will
stop working.
2. If the refrigerator stops working, then the food inside
may spoil.
3. Therefore, if there is a power outage, then the food
inside may spoil.
Here, the terms "power outage," "refrigerator
stopping," and "food spoiling" are distinct. The logical chain
connects the occurrence of a power outage to the potential spoilage of food
inside the refrigerator.
Q.2 What do you mean by Deductive and Inductive Inferences ?
Explain in detail with examples.
Q.3 What is Fallacy ? Explain the fallacy of ambiguity with
suitable examples.
Q.4 Discuss 'propositions' in detail. Explain the symbolization
of A, E, I and 0 propositions in Predicate Logic.
Q.5 Explain the Figure and Mood method of validating
categorical syllogisms.
Q.6 Explain the rule of Existential Generalization
Q.7 Examine the function of symbolic logic in multi-value
logic.
Q.8 Explain the axioms of Boolean analysis. Using these axioms,
show that BARBARA is valid and BRAMANTIP is invalid.
Q.9 Explain how classical logic is related to symbolic logic.
Q.10 Explain the fallacy of presumption with examples.
Q.11 Explain logical relations using quantifiers
Q.12 Explain the classification of proposition in classical logic.
Q.13 Describe Dilemma and its kinds. Explain various methods of
avoiding Dilemma.
Q.14 Write a detailed essay on the application of symbolic
logic.
Q.15 Use Euler’s and Venn diagrams to show distribution of
terms in all kinds of categorical proposition.
Q.16 What is a definition ? Give an account of the various
rules of proper definition.
Q.17 Differentiate between Deductive and Inductive Logic with
illustrations.
Q.18 Briefly narrate the history of symbolic logic.
Q.19 What is proposition ? Explain categorical proposition.
Q.20 What is the role of moods in logic ? Explain
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