IGNOU FREE BPSC 112 Solved Assignment 2022-23

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There are three Sections in the Assignment. You have to answer all questions in the Sections.

Answer the following in about 500 words each.

Q1. Trace the basic concepts of the Brahmanic tradition.

The belief in one true God, Brahman, is at the core of the Hinduism religion. The supreme spirit is celebrated through the symbolism of the Om. The central practice of Brahmanism is sacrifice while Moksha, the liberation, bliss and unification with the Godhead, is the main mission. While the terminology varies by the religious philosopher, Brahmanism is considered to be the predecessor of Hinduism. It is regarded as the same thing due to the Hindus getting their name from the Indus River where the Aryans performed the Vedas.

Brahmanism (also known as Vedic Religion) is the belief system that developed from the Vedas during the Late Vedic Period (c. 1100-500 BCE) originating in the Indus Valley Civilization after the Indo-Aryan Migration c. 2000-1500 BCE. It claims the supreme being is Brahman, and its tenets influenced the development of Hinduism. The Vedas were understood as the eternal words of the universe which had always existed and were not revealed to any one individual but "heard" by sages in meditative states. The being that spoke these words was the creator of the universe and the Universe itself – Brahman – and the Vedas were recognized as defining the Sanatan Dharma ("Eternal Order") which Brahman had established. Belief in the authority of the Vedas was encouraged by the priestly upper class – Brahmins – who could read Sanskrit, the language of the Vedas, whereas the lower classes could not. The Brahmins’ unique position further enhanced their reputation but, eventually, brought about calls for reformation as people objected to this one class dictating religious precepts for all. Brahmanism’s reforms led to the development of Hinduism (known to adherents as Sanatan Dharma) while those who rejected Brahmanism, and so also Hinduism, formed their own philosophical and religious sects of which Charvaka, Jainism, and Buddhism became the most well-established. Brahmanism continued to exert considerable influence in Hinduism and continues to do so in the present day. Since the mid-20th century, reformers in India, and elsewhere, have opposed Brahmanism as encouraging inequality and brutalization of the lower classes by emphasizing the elite position of Brahmins and helping to maintain the caste system.

Origin & the Vedas

The date and place of origin for Vedic thought is unknown, but two theories have been advanced: the Indo-Aryan Migration theory and the Out of India Theory (OIT). The Indo-Aryan Migration theory suggests that the Vedic vision developed in Central Asia (around the region of the Kingdom of Mitanni, modern-day northern Iraq, Syria, and Turkey) and arrived in India during the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 7000 - c. 600 BCE) sometime between c. 2000-1500 BCE. The OIT claims the Indus Valley Civilization (also known as the Harappan Civilization) developed the Vedic vision, exported it to Central Asia, and watched it return with the Indo-Aryan Migration. The OIT is generally dismissed as lacking substantial evidence and essentially agreeing with the Indo-Aryan Migration theory that the belief structure developed in Central Asia.

A number of gods’ names – notably Indra – were known in Central Asia, and one of the most important concepts of Brahmanism, rita ("cosmic order") was also well established there. It is thought that, sometime around the 3rd millennium BCE, a group of nomadic Aryan tribes migrated into Central Asia and two of these, now known as Indo-Iranians and Indo-Aryans, parted ways; the Indo-Iranians settling the Iranian Plateau and the Indo-Aryans continuing south to the Indian subcontinent. The term Aryan was understood as a class of people meaning "free" or "noble" and had nothing to do with race. The association of Aryan with light-skinned races was only made in the 18th and 19th centuries CE by historians with a racialized worldview. The Indus Valley Civilization was among the most advanced of the ancient world and clearly had some form of religious observance but, because their script remains undeciphered, no one knows what that might have been. Statuary and seals suggest they worshiped spirits known as yakshas which had to be placated and honored through sacrifices and some sort of observance. The yaksha cults seem to have focused solely on the day-to-day needs of the people without addressing cosmological questions. Discussions of the origin of the universe and the meaning of life only arose – as far as the present extant evidence shows at least – with the development of Vedic thought, which may have merged with the yaksha rituals.

Q2. Examine the limitations of the Sramanic tradition.

Assignment - II

Answer the following questions in about 250 words each.

Q1. Write a note on the Islamic traditions in Indian thought.

Q2. Trace the impact of the Bhakti tradition.

Q3. Elaborate upon Ved Vyas and ‘Mahabharat’.

Assignment - III

Answer the following questions in about 100 words each.

1. Describe ‘Rajdharma’.

2. Discuss Kautilya’s views on the state.

3. Trace the idea of chakravartin and the state as an instrument of Dhamma.

4. What is the theory of kingship as propounded by Zia-ul-Barni? Elaborate.

5. Examine Abul Fazal’s views on sovereignty and social contract.

Important Points to make BPSC 112 Assignment 2022-23

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Important Note - You may be aware that you need to submit your assignments before you can appear for the Term End Exams. Please remember to keep a copy of your completed assignment, just in case the one you submitted is lost in transit.

Submission Date :

· 31st March 2023 (if enrolled in the July 2022 Session)

· 30th Sept, 2023 (if enrolled in the January 2023 session).

IGNOU Instructions for the BPSC 112 Assignments

BPSC 112 INDIAN POLITICAL THOUGHT –I Assignment 2022-23 Before attempting the assignment, please read the following instructions carefully.

1. Read the detailed instructions about the assignment given in the Handbook and Programme Guide.

2. Write your enrolment number, name, full address and date on the top right corner of the first page of your response sheet(s).

3. Write the course title, assignment number and the name of the study centre you are attached to in the centre of the first page of your response sheet(s).

4. Use only foolscap size paper for your response and tag all the pages carefully

5. Write the relevant question number with each answer.

6. You should write in your own handwriting.

GUIDELINES FOR IGNOU Assignments 2022-23

BPSC 112 Solved Assignment 2022-23 You will find it useful to keep the following points in mind:

1. Planning: Read the questions carefully. Go through the units on which they are based. Make some points regarding each question and then rearrange these in a logical order. And please write the answers in your own words. Do not reproduce passages from the units.

2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analytic before drawing up a rough outline of your answer. In an essay-type question, give adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion. The introduction must offer your brief interpretation of the question and how you propose to develop it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the course of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as this will add some depth to your analysis.

3. Presentation: Once you are satisfied with your answers, you can write down the final version for submission, writing each answer neatly and underlining the points you wish to emphasize.

IGNOU Assignment Front Page

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