Learner characteristics
The concept of learner characteristics is employed within the
sciences of learning and cognition to designate a target group of learners and
define those aspects of their personal, academic, social, or cognitive self
which will influence how and what they learn. Learner characteristics are
important for instructional designers as they permit them to style and make
tailored instructions for a target group. it's expected that by taking account
of the characteristics of learners, more efficient, effective, and/or
motivating instructional materials are often designed and developed.
Learner characteristics are often personal, academic,
social/emotional, and/or cognitive in nature. Personal characteristics often
relate to demographic information like age, gender, maturation, language,
social economic status, cultural background, and specific needs of a learner
group like particular skills and disabilities for and/or impairments to
learning.
Learner characteristics are often defined as various measures
of leaners’ psychological, behavioral nature, and attitudes toward everything
associated with learning. due to the broad range of learner characteristics,
its specific components are operationally defined in e-learning research and
measured in various ways. especially , aptitude of learners is usually
discussed as a construct of learner characteristics, where aptitude is defined
as “any characteristic of an individual that forecasts his probability of
success under a given treatment” or “whatever makes an individual able to learn
rapidly during a particular situation (or, more generally, to form effective
use of a specific environment)” (Cronbach and Snow 1977). Swan (2004) reported
that various constructs of learner characteristics like motivation, attitude,
learning styles, gender, and culture affect online learning performance.
1. The concept of Teaching: Teaching involves the purposeful
direction and management of the training process. it's a planned activity or a
process during which the learner, teacher, and other variable are planned
during a particular order to achieve some predetermined goals.
- Teaching are often both formal and informal.
- Informal teaching is administered within a family or during a community, during initial years of life, for instance , homeschooling. Formal teaching is administered by paid professions called teachers or faculty.
2. Basic Teaching Models: Generally, there are two models of
teaching. These are:
- When a teacher or a facilitator is during a ctively involved in teaching while the learners are in a passive, receptive mode listening because the instructor or a facilitator teaches is understood as instructor-centered Teaching.
- In this teaching, a teacher is fully liable for what's taught and the way it's learned.
- The learner is fully dependent upon the trainer for all learning. Here the trainer is liable for the method of evaluation.
- When a student or a learner is more emphasized during a classroom than others is understood as learner-centered teaching.
- It also involves each student's interests, abilities, and learning styles, placing the training instructors for people instead of for the category .
- It includes self-evaluation.
3. Nature or Characteristic Features of
Teaching: the
most characteristic features of teaching are given below:
1. It tends towards the self-organization.
2. It involves different levels of teaching.
3. it's endless process.
4. it's associated with education, learning, instruction, and
training.
5. It generally takes place during a dynamic environment.
4. Different Levels of Teaching
Teaching takes place at three levels progressively- memory
level of teaching, understanding level of teaching, and reective level of
teaching
(a). Memory Level of Teaching (MLT): The 1st level of teaching may be a
Memory Level of Teaching. This level cares with memory or the capacity that
exists altogether living beings and is taken into account because the lowest
level of teaching. Here the teaching-learning process is essentially 'Stimulus-Response'(S-R)
here.
Here the evaluation system mainly includes oral, written and
essay-type examination.
(b). Understanding Level of Teaching (ULT): The second and thoughtful level of
teaching is an understanding level of teaching.
This level cares with understanding something i.e., to
perceive the meaning, grasp the thought and comprehend the meaning.
Morrison is that the main proponent of this level.
It goes beyond just memorizing of facts because it is memory
plus insight.
Here, the trainer and therefore the learner both play a
lively role.
Here the evaluation system includes both objective and
essay-type examination.
(c). Reective Level of Teaching (RLT): The third and highest level of
teaching may be a memory level of teaching. This level cares with both MLT and
ULT. Here the teacher thinks over their teaching practices, analyzing the way
to teach and the way the training process are often changed or improved for
better learning outcomes.
Hunt is that the main proponent of this level.
In this approach, the learners are motivated and are active.
Here the scholars occupy the first place and teacher assumes
the secondary place.
Here the evaluation system includes an essay-type
examination.
5. Important Concepts associated with Teaching
(a). Education: the method through which a learner has facilitated learning
and purchased knowledge, beliefs, habits, values, and skills is claimed to be
Education. It includes teaching, training, discussion, storytelling etc.
(b). Instruction: it's a main a part of teaching. It includes the delivery of
contents by the trainer . It doesn't play any role within the interaction
between the teacher and therefore the learner but it facilitates achievement of
teaching.
(d). Training: the method of developing in oneself's any skills and knowledge that relate
to specic useful competencies is known as training. the most purpose of
imparting training is to equip oneself's with specic skills.
(e). Syllabus: a tutorial document that wont to communicates course
information and denes responsibilities and expectation is claimed to the
syllabus. It helps to supervise or controls the course quality. it's going to
be descriptive.
(f). Curriculum: it's dened as a course of study developed by school
authorities.
(g). Indoctrination: it's the method of teaching an individual or group to simply
accept a group of beliefs uncritically.
Factors Affecting Teaching
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