FREE IGNOU BEGC 102 EUROPEAN CLASSICAL LITERATURE SOLVED ASSIGNMENT 2024-25
Section
A
1.
Write short notes in about 100 words each:
(i) Iliad
The Iliad (/ˈɪliəd/;Ancient Greek: Ἰλιάς, romanized: Iliás,
Attic Greek: [iː.li.ás]; "[a poem] about Ilion (Troy)") is one of two
major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest
extant works of literature still widely read by modern audiences. As with the
Odyssey, the poem is divided into 24 books and was written in dactylic
hexameter. It contains 15,693 lines in its most widely accepted version. Set
towards the end of the Trojan War, a ten-year siege of the city of Troy by a
coalition of Mycenaean Greek states, the poem depicts significant events in the
siege's final weeks. In particular, it depicts a fierce quarrel between King
Agamemnon and a celebrated warrior, Achilles. It is a central part of the Epic
Cycle. The Iliad is often regarded as the first substantial piece of European
literature.
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FREE IGNOU BEGC 102 European Classical Literature SOLVED ASSIGNMENT 2024-25 |
The Iliad and the
Odyssey were likely written down in Homeric Greek, a literary mixture of Ionic
Greek and other dialects, probably around the late 8th or early 7th century BC.
Homer's authorship was infrequently questioned in antiquity, but contemporary
scholarship predominantly assumes that the Iliad and the Odyssey were composed
independently and that the stories formed as part of a long oral tradition. The
poem was performed by professional reciters of Homer known as rhapsodes.
Critical themes in the poem include kleos (glory), pride, fate and wrath.
Despite being predominantly known for its tragic and serious themes, the poem
also contains instances of comedy and laughter
The poem is frequently described as a masculine or heroic
epic, especially compared with the Odyssey. It contains detailed descriptions
of ancient war instruments and battle tactics, and fewer female characters. The
Olympian gods also play a major role in the poem, aiding their favoured
warriors on the battlefield and intervening in personal disputes. Their
characterisation in the poem humanised them for Ancient Greek audiences, giving
a concrete sense of their cultural and religious tradition. In terms of formal
style, the poem's repetitions and use of similes and epithets are often
explored by scholars.
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(ii) Roman Comedy
Following Plautus' death in the mid-180's BCE, Caecilius
Statius emerged as the pre-eminent playwright of Roman Comedy. Though much
admired in his day and long after, not even one work of his survives whole and
intact. Yet even so, it's evident from the surviving fragments of his plays and
other data that his comedy was less boisterous than Plautus'. That Caecilius
Statius stayed closer to the tone and structure of his Hellenistic models is
clear not only from the fragments of his plays but also the fact that their
titles are mostly in Greek, not Latin, in some cases corresponding directly
with the titles of the Menandrean originals he was adapting.
This does not mean, of course, that Caecilius Statius wrote
in Greek; rather, it suggests that he inclined away from the Romanizing
tendencies of his immediate predecessors Naevius and Plautus whose plays almost
invariably have Latin titles, often not even translations of the original Greek
title.
In other words, Roman Hellenism was clearly on the rise in
the 170's BCE, and undoubtedly that was in no small part because of Caecilius'
efforts. But his death in 168 BCE opened the door for new voices to enter the
Roman stage, and onto these boards trod one of the greatest the Romans would
ever produce, Publius Terentius Afer, known today as Terence.
Little is known about Terence's life, not even the years of
his birth and death. Still, we can make good guesses at both. Ancient sources
report he died young and, since his last play was produced in 160 BCE, he was
probably born at some point between 195 and 185 BCE. Thus, he died most likely
soon after his final drama debuted, probably in the early 150's.
With that, he would never have known Plautus, though there
are other reasons these two are not likely to have met—they traveled in very
different social circles—however, if the story is not a fiction, Terence as a
young man met Caecilius Statius. Other data, however, which are often cited in
textbooks as facts about Terence's life, such as that he was originally a slave
from North Africa and later freed, seem on closer inspection suspect, at best
"secondary evidence." About his drama and career as a playwright, on
the other hand, we are much better informed.
Several remarkable things stand out about Terence's work.
First and foremost, all the plays he ever wrote survive complete. Along with
that have come significant details about them: the years in which they
premiered and thus the order in which he composed them, who produced them and
at what festival, from which Greek originals Terence worked, and even the
musician who arranged the music. So, for instance, we know that Terence's
consummate masterpiece, Adelphoe ("The Brothers"), was
staged at the celebrations surrounding the funeral of Aemilius Paullus in 160
BCE. All this information makes it possible to track Terence's career as we can
no other ancient playwright's, even a celebrity on the order of Sophocles.
Nor is
it possible to say about any other ancient playwright's body of work with as
much certainty as we can about Terence that his entire dramatic corpus
survives. Indeed, few other classical authors writing in any genre have their
entire body of work preserved, and then for the most part only luminaries like
Vergil.
Thus, in many ways Terence stands alone among ancient
dramatists. His work is uniquely well-documented, and the reason must be, at
least in part, the high regard in which he was held from his own time on.
So, for instance, the Romans living
in the next century (100-1 BCE) saw Terence's writing style as the model of
their own—Julius Caesar himself composed a treatise on Terence's sermo
purus ("clean dialogue and well over a millennium later professors in
the Renaissance used his drama as a teaching tool. Even a tenth-century nun
named Hrotswitha (or Hrotsvit), a canoness living in a cloister
in northern Germany just after the Viking invasions, read Terence's dramas with
a pleasure that made her uneasy, and so she remodeled them to suit the ethic of
the chaste Christian life and glorious virginity she and her sisters in their
abbey exemplified.
As a result, we have over six-hundred
Terence manuscripts, some of great antiquity and accuracy, dating from
many different periods of the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Compared to Plautus
whose plays survived medieval times on the slenderest of threads, the existence
of so many copies of Terence's work is a remarkable tribute to his endurance as
an artist. All in all, it is hard to find any age in which Terence's work has
not been praised and imitated and his name not widely known, except our own, of
course. On whom that will reflect more—Terence or us?—only the future can say.
2. Reference to the
Context in about 100 words each:
(i) “…Here, as Pentheus
profanely spied on the sacred rituals, Who saw him first? Who rushed on him
first in maniacal frenzy? And who first launched her thyrsus to savage her own
dear son? His mother Agave. ‘watch me, sisters,’ she shouted, ‘both of you!
Look at this huge wild boar there wandering over our meadow.”
Setting: A sacred ritual is taking place.
Characters:
Pentheus: Someone who is spying on the rituals, possibly
profaning them by his presence.
Agave: Pentheus's mother.
Sisters (unidentified): Agave is addressing two other women,
possibly her sisters.
Action:
Agave sees Pentheus spying and calls out to her sisters.
She points to him and refers to him as a "wild
boar," suggesting she has gone mad or is pretending to see something else
entirely.
The passage hinges on the dramatic irony and Agave's tragic
madness. Here are some additional points to consider:
Thyrsi: These are staffs carried by worshippers of Dionysus,
the god of wine and festivity. Agave using a thyrsus against her son
foreshadows violence.
Maniacal frenzy: This describes Agave's mental state. She is
no longer rational and is driven by a kind of madness.
(ii) “The family I have now protected for year… He left behind a
son, the one who lives here now, And he’s as bad as dad and granddad were before,
And yet his only daughter daily worships me.”
The Speaker: This person seems to be a guardian
or protector of some sort, watching over a family for a long time
("years").
The Family:
There have been multiple generations: grandfather, father,
and now son.
The men in the family seem to share negative traits, possibly
violence or cruelty ("as bad as dad and granddad").
The Daughter: She is the only child mentioned and
stands in contrast to the men.
She shows respect or devotion to the speaker ("daily
worships me"). This could be literal worship or a strong sense of respect
and gratitude.
There are some
interesting questions raised by the passage:
Who is the speaker? Are they a family member (like an
ancestor), a magical being, or something else entirely?
What is the nature of
the protection? Is
it from the men in the family or some external threat?
Why does the daughter
worship the speaker?
Does the speaker offer her safety or something else she lacks from the men?
Overall, this passage creates a sense of mystery and
intrigue. It suggests a family burdened by negative patterns but also hints at
a glimmer of hope with the daughter's connection to the speaker.
Section
B
Answer
the following in about 350 words each:
Do you agree with Plato’s criticism that the Iliad offers no morals?
Give a detailed answer.
Examine Oedipus Rex as a Greek Tragedy. Would you agree that Pot of
Gold is a comedy discuss keeping in mind the dramatis personae of Lar
Familiaris. Discuss the relationship between Horace and his father basing your
answer on “Satire 1:4”.
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BEGC 102 European Classical Literature Handwritten Assignment 2024-25
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be aware that you need to submit your assignments before you can appear for the
Term End Exams. Please remember to keep a copy of your completed assignment,
just in case the one you submitted is lost in transit.
Submission Date :
· 30
April 2025 (if enrolled in the July 2025 Session)
· 30th Sept, 2025 (if enrolled in the January
2025 session).
IGNOU Instructions for the BEGC 102 European Classical Literature Assignments
BEGC 102 ECONOMICS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Assignment 2024-25 Before attempting the assignment,
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answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as this will
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BEGC 102 EUROPEAN CLASSICAL LITERATUREHandwritten Assignment 2024-25
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