MRW 006 Solved Assignment 2024-25
MRW 006 Solved
Assignment 2024-25, FREE MRW 006
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Course Code: MRW 006
Assignment Code: MRW 006 ASST/TMA/2024-25
Marks: 100
NOTE: All questions are compulsory
Note: Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment
to the Coordinator of yourstudy centre. Last date of submission for July 2023
session is 31st October, 2023 and for January 2024 session is 30th April 2024.
Q.1 a) Explain in
detail the biotic and abiotic degradation of plastic.
Plastic
degradation refers to the breakdown of plastic materials into smaller
components, which can occur through both biotic (involving living organisms)
and abiotic (non-living) processes. These degradation processes play a
significant role in the environmental fate of plastics and their potential to
persist in ecosystems. Let's delve into the details of each:
Biotic
degradation involves the action of living organisms such as bacteria, fungi,
algae, and other microorganisms that possess enzymes capable of breaking down
certain types of plastics. However, it's important to note that not all
plastics are biodegradable, and even among those that are, the degradation
process can be slow and may not result in complete breakdown.
Biodegradable
Plastics: Some plastics are designed to be biodegradable, meaning they can be broken
down by microorganisms into simpler compounds like water, carbon dioxide, and
biomass. These plastics are typically made from natural materials such as corn
starch, cellulose, or other plant-based polymers. Microorganisms secrete
enzymes that can hydrolyze the polymer chains, breaking them into smaller
molecules that can be metabolized.
Microbial
Action: Various microorganisms have been found to degrade plastics under
suitable environmental conditions. For example, certain bacteria like Pseudomonas
and Bacillus species have been reported to degrade plastics like polyethylene
and polypropylene. These microorganisms produce enzymes like lipases and
proteases, which can break down the polymer chains.
Environmental
Factors: Factors such as temperature, moisture, pH, and the presence of oxygen
can influence the rate of biotic degradation. Warmer temperatures generally
accelerate microbial activity, leading to faster degradation. Adequate moisture
and oxygen levels are also important for microbial growth and enzyme activity.
Abiotic
degradation involves non-living processes such as photodegradation and thermal
degradation, where plastics break down due to exposure to environmental factors
like sunlight, heat, and mechanical stress.
Photodegradation:
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight can cause photochemical reactions in
plastics, leading to their degradation. UV radiation breaks the polymer chains,
causing the plastic to become brittle and fragment into smaller pieces. This
process is particularly relevant for plastics exposed to outdoor environments,
such as littered items or marine debris.
Thermal
Degradation: Heat can accelerate the breakdown of plastics through thermal
degradation. When plastics are subjected to high temperatures, such as those
found in industrial processes or natural settings like wildfires, the polymer
chains can undergo chemical reactions such as oxidation, chain scission, and
cross-linking, leading to degradation.
Mechanical
Degradation: Mechanical stress, such as abrasion from wind, waves, or friction
with other materials, can physically break down plastics into smaller
fragments. This process, often referred to as mechanical weathering,
contributes to the fragmentation of plastic debris into microplastics, which
can persist in the environment for extended periods.
The degradation
of plastics, whether biotic or abiotic, has significant environmental
implications. While biodegradation offers the potential for reducing the
accumulation of plastic waste in ecosystems, it is often slow and may not occur
under all environmental conditions. Moreover, the byproducts of biodegradation
can still contribute to pollution if they are not fully assimilated by
microorganisms.
Abiotic
degradation processes like photodegradation and thermal degradation can
fragment plastics into smaller particles, increasing their surface area and
potential for environmental contamination. Microplastics, which result from the
fragmentation of larger plastic items, pose risks to aquatic and terrestrial
organisms through ingestion, bioaccumulation, and the transport of associated
pollutants.
In summary,
both biotic and abiotic degradation processes play roles in the environmental
fate of plastics. Understanding these processes is essential for developing
strategies to mitigate plastic pollution and minimize its impacts on ecosystems
and human health.
b) Describe the
Relationship between Gross National Product (GNP) and Municipal Solid Waste
Generation.
Q.2 Highlight
elaborately about the location criteria and data collection of landfill. How to
estimate landfill cost based on Preliminary Design?
Q.3 Mention principle
components of enzyme. Describe the factors affecting enzyme activity.
Q.4 Describe the
methods of pyrolysis and combustion & mention the significance of these
processes in biomass conversion.
Q.5 a) Describe supercritical
fluid extraction?
b) Differentiate
between ultrasound assisted and pressure assisted solvent extraction.
Q.6 Define meta
genomics. State mathematical model for bacterial growth.
Q.7 Define bio
refining. Discuss about the development and use of process models to predict
the economic output of the considered bio refinery process.
Q.8 Describe the
processes of transformation of Biogas into Renewable Natural Gas.
Q.9 Explain in detail
the national hydrogen energy mission.
Q.10 Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following:
a) Butanol
b) Characteristics of
fuels utilized in SI engine
c) Production of
Ethanol
MRW 006 Handwritten Assignment 2024-25
MRW 006 Solved
Assignment 2024-25: We provide handwritten PDF and Hardcopy to our
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Important Note - You may be aware that you need to submit
your assignments before you can appear for the Term End Exams. Please remember
to keep a copy of your completed assignment, just in case the one you submitted
is lost in transit.
Submission Date :
31st March 2023 (if
enrolled in the July 2024-25 Session)
30th Sept, 2023 (if
enrolled in the January 2024-25 session).
IGNOU Instructions for the MRW 006 Assignments
MRW 006 Bioenergy
Conversion and Utilization Assignment 2024-25
Before ate mpting the assignment, please read the following instructions
carefully.
1. Read the detailed
instructions about the assignment given in the Handbook and Programme Guide.
3. Write the course
title, assignment number and the name of the study centre you are attached to
in the centre of the first page of your response sheet(s).
4. Use only
foolscap size paper for your response and tag all the pages carefully
5. Write the relevant
question number with each answer.
6. You should write
in your own handwriting.
GUIDELINES FOR IGNOU Assignment MRW 006023-24
MRW 006 Solved
Assignment 2024-25 You
will find it useful to keep the following points in mind:
1. Planning: Read the questions carefully. Go through the
units on which they are based. Make some points regarding each question and
then rearrange these in a STATISTICS IN PSYCHOLOGYal order. And please write
the answers in your own words. Do not reproduce passages from the units.
2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analytic before
drawing up a rough outline of your answer. In an essay-type question, give
adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion. The introduction must
offer your brief interpretation of the question and how you propose to develop
it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the course
of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics
as this will add some depth to your analysis.
3. Presentation: Once you are satisfied with your
answers, you can write down the final version for submission, writing each
answer neatly and underlining the points you wish to emphasize.
IGNOU Assignment Front Page
The top of the first
page of your response sheet should look like this: Get IGNOU Assignment Front page through. And
Attach on front page of your assignment. Students need to compulsory attach the
front page in at the beginning of their handwritten assignment.
ENROLMENT NO: …………………………
NAME: ………………………………………
ADDRESS: …………………………………
COURSE TITLE: …………………………
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DATE: ………………………………………
MRW 006 Handwritten Assignment 2024-25
MRW 006 Solved
Assignment 2024-25: We provide handwritten PDF and Hardcopy to our
IGNOU and other university students. There are several types of handwritten
assignment we provide all Over India. We are genuinely work in this field for
so many time. You can get your assignment done - 8130208920
PDF & Handwritten
WhatsApp – 8130208920
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