IGNOU
MPA 012 Important Questions With Answers English Medium
IGNOU MPA 012 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-MPA 012, titled "Administrative Theory," is another
core course within the Indira Gandhi National Open University's (IGNOU) Master
of Arts (MA) in Public Administration (MPA) program.
Course
Structure:
- Unit 1: Introduction to Administrative Theory
- Unit 2: Classical Theories of Administration (Scientific Management, Administrative Management, Weberian Bureaucracy)
- Unit 3: Behavioral Theories of Administration (Human Relations, Behavioralism, Decision-Making Theories)
- Unit 4: Structural Theories of Administration (Systems Theory, Contingency Theory, Institutionalism)
- Unit 5: New Public Management (NPM) and Public Choice Theory
- Unit 6: Critical Theories of Administration (Feminist Theory, Postmodernism, Critical Theory)
- Unit 7: Contemporary Issues in Administrative Theory (Globalization, Technology, Governance)
- Unit 8: Case Studies in Administrative Theory Application
Q.1
“The role of public administration has changed under liberalisation,
privatisation and globalisation.” Discuss.
The evolution of public administration's role has been
profoundly impacted by the trio of liberalization, privatization, and
globalization (LPG). These transformative policy shifts, instituted in various
nations during the latter part of the 20th century, have led to a reconfiguration
of the traditional functions and responsibilities of public administration.
This transformation has far-reaching implications for governance structures,
service delivery mechanisms, and the overall dynamic between the state and the
market
Liberalization: Liberalization, characterized by the opening
up of economies to free-market forces, reducing government intervention and
promoting competition, has prompted a departure from the command and control
approach within public administration. The emphasis now lies on facilitating
economic activities, fostering entrepreneurship, and ensuring a competitive
landscape for businesses.
IGNOU MPA 012 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-A crucial facet of the evolving role of public administration
under liberalization is the promotion of economic freedom and the dismantling
of barriers to trade and investment. Governments are compelled to streamline
bureaucratic processes, minimize red tape, and cultivate business-friendly
environments to attract both domestic and foreign investments. Public administration,
in this context, assumes a vital role in formulating and executing policies
that enhance the ease of doing business, foster competition, and stimulate
economic growth.
Additionally, liberalization has brought about a redefinition
of the state's involvement in economic activities. While the state retains its
role in providing a regulatory framework, public administration increasingly
focuses on creating an enabling environment for private enterprise rather than
directly participating in commercial activities. The privatization of
state-owned enterprises and the encouragement of private sector involvement in
formerly monopolized sectors exemplify this paradigm shift.
Privatization: Privatization involves the transfer of
state-owned assets and enterprises to private ownership and management. This
policy shift, often grounded in the belief that the private sector is more
efficient and responsive to market demands, necessitates a strategic role for
public administration. In a privatized context, public administration is tasked
with regulation, oversight, and ensuring that privatized entities operate in
the public interest.
IGNOU MPA 012 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-The planning and execution of privatization initiatives are
critical tasks for public administration. This involves designing transparent
and competitive processes for asset sales, addressing regulatory concerns, and
safeguarding public interests. As private entities assume roles previously
managed by the public sector, public administration is responsible for
monitoring and regulating these entities to prevent abuse and ensure efficient
and equitable service delivery.
However, the privatization of essential services, such as
healthcare, education, and utilities, introduces questions about social equity
and access. Achieving a balance between promoting private sector efficiency and
safeguarding public welfare is a challenging task for public administration. It
requires robust regulatory frameworks, effective monitoring mechanisms, and the
ability to intervene when private entities fail to meet public service
obligations.
IGNOU MPA 012 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-In the context of privatization, public administration faces
challenges related to accountability and transparency. As private companies
take on responsibilities previously held by the government, ensuring transparency
in decision-making processes and holding private entities accountable for their
actions becomes paramount. Public administration must evolve to meet these
challenges, adopting new tools and strategies to oversee and regulate
privatized entities effectively.
Globalization: Globalization refers to the increasing
interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and societies on a global scale. In
a globalized world, the role of public administration is marked by the need to
navigate complex international relationships, address transnational challenges,
and adapt to the rapid flow of information, capital, and technology across
borders.
Public administration, in the era of globalization, is tasked
with crafting policies that align with international standards and agreements.
This involves participating in global forums, negotiating trade agreements, and
ensuring that national policies are compatible with global norms. The
complexity of these tasks requires public administrators to possess a deep
understanding of international relations, trade dynamics, and global governance
structures.
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Globalization has also heightened the need for effective
regulatory frameworks to manage cross-border issues. Public administration
plays a critical role in developing and enforcing regulations that address
transnational challenges such as environmental degradation, cybercrime, and the
movement of people across borders. Cooperation with international organizations
and other nations becomes essential to tackle issues that transcend national
boundaries.
Moreover, the increased mobility of capital and talent
necessitates a proactive and agile public administration. The state must be
responsive to global economic trends, technological advancements, and shifts in
consumer behavior. Public administrators are required to anticipate and adapt
to these changes, fostering an environment conducive to innovation,
entrepreneurship, and global competitiveness.
However, globalization also presents challenges related to
sovereignty and the potential erosion of state control. As global economic
forces exert influence on national policies, public administration must strike
a delicate balance between embracing global opportunities and safeguarding
domestic interests. This requires a nuanced approach to policy-making and a
keen awareness of the potential social and economic impacts of global trends.
Challenges and Opportunities:The evolving role of public
administration under liberalization, privatization, and globalization has given
rise to both challenges and opportunities. One of the primary challenges is the
potential for increased inequality. While these policies aim to spur economic
growth, the benefits are not always distributed equitably. Public
administration must grapple with the social implications of market-oriented
reforms and work towards inclusive development.
IGNOU MPA 012 Important Questions With Answers English Medium-Additionally, the risk of regulatory capture and the undue
influence of private interests pose significant challenges. As the state
relinquishes certain functions to the private sector, ensuring that regulatory
bodies remain independent and act in the public interest becomes paramount.
Public administration must develop mechanisms to prevent conflicts of interest
and maintain the integrity of regulatory frameworks.
The erosion of the welfare state is another challenge
associated with these policy shifts. As the state withdraws from direct service
provision, there is a risk that essential services may become commodified,
leading to unequal access based on socio-economic factors. Public
administration must actively address this challenge by devising policies that
prioritize social welfare, even in a privatized and liberalized environment.
Despite these challenges, there are also opportunities for
public administration to play a more strategic and transformative role. The
emphasis on efficiency and innovation in the private sector can influence the
public sector positively. Public administration can leverage private sector
practices to enhance service delivery, adopt technological advancements, and
improve overall governance.
Moreover, the integration of economies through globalization
offers opportunities for collaboration and knowledge exchange. Public
administration can benefit from international best practices, adopt innovative
solutions from other countries, and engage in partnerships to address global
challenges collaboratively. This requires a proactive and open approach to
learning from global experiences.
Q.2
Define organisation and discuss its typologies.
Q.3
Critically examine the principles of scientific management.
Q.4
Discuss Simon’s theory of decision-making with special reference to his concept
of founded rationality.
Q.5
Discuss Douglas McGregor’s theory ‘X’ and theory ‘Y’.
Q.6
Discuss systems approach with special reference to the views of David Easton.
Q.7
Discuss the emergence and growth of New Public Administration.
Q.8
“Critical theory is of great relevance to public administration.” Comment.
Q.9
Discuss the state of administrative theory in the changing environment.
Q.10
Define Public Administration and highlight its importance.
Q.11
Describe the general principles of Administrative Management approach.
Q.12
Explain the emergence and principles of Human Relations approach.
Q.13
Discuss Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory.
Q.14
Define Public Administration and bring out its nature and scope.
Q.15
Explain the major features of the experiments conducted by Elton Mayo at
Howthorne plant of Western Electric Company.
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