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B.E.C.E – 146
INDIAN
ECONOMY II IGNOU BECE 146 Solved Assignment 2023-24
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NOTE: All questions are compulsory.
A. Long Answer Questions (word limit -
500 words) 2 × 20 = 40 marks
Q1) What
is meant by ‘regionalism’? In this context, distinguish between bilateralism
and multilateralism.
In the context
of international relations and diplomacy, regionalism refers to the process of
countries coming together within a specific geographic region to pursue common
goals, address shared challenges, and promote regional integration. It involves
cooperation and collaboration among neighboring or geographically close
nations.
Regionalism can
take various forms, ranging from economic integration agreements and regional
organizations to security alliances and cultural exchanges. The primary
objective is to foster closer ties and cooperation among countries within the
region, leading to increased stability, development, and mutual benefits.
On the other
hand, bilateralism and multilateralism are two different approaches to
international relations.
Bilateralism
refers to the relationship between two countries, where they engage directly
with each other on various issues, usually through negotiations and agreements.
It is a more focused and specific form of cooperation between two nations,
typically addressing their mutual interests, such as trade, security, or
cultural exchange. Bilateral agreements can be bilateral treaties, trade deals,
or any other type of understanding between two countries.
Multilateralism,
on the other hand, involves the participation and collaboration of multiple
countries on a particular issue or within a specific forum or organization. It
refers to the practice of addressing global challenges and pursuing common
goals through collective action by multiple nations. Multilateralism emphasizes
the importance of involving various stakeholders and considering diverse
perspectives to reach consensus and make decisions that have broader
international implications. Examples of multilateral organizations include the
United Nations (UN), World Trade Organization (WTO), and the International
Monetary Fund (IMF).
In summary,
regionalism focuses on cooperation and integration within a specific geographic
region, while bilateralism and multilateralism are different approaches to
international relations, with bilateralism involving direct cooperation between
two countries and multilateralism involving collaboration among multiple
countries on a global scale.
Q2)
Compare the growth profile of the Services Sector with that of Agricultural and
Industrial Sectors in India over the period 2013-2019.
From 2013 to
2019, the Services sector in India exhibited a robust growth profile compared
to the Agricultural and Industrial sectors. The Services sector includes a wide
range of activities such as banking, finance, telecommunications, retail,
tourism, healthcare, and professional services.
During this
period, the Services sector in India experienced significant expansion, driven
by factors such as urbanization, rising incomes, increasing consumer demand,
and advancements in technology. The sector witnessed steady growth rates,
contributing significantly to the country's GDP. It became the largest sector
in terms of GDP share, surpassing both Agriculture and Industry.
On the other
hand, the Agricultural sector, which encompasses farming, forestry, and
fishing, faced several challenges during this period. It encountered issues
such as inadequate infrastructure, weather-related uncertainties, low
productivity, and limited access to credit and technology. As a result, the
growth of the Agricultural sector was comparatively slower than that of the Services
sector.
Similarly, the
Industrial sector, which includes manufacturing, mining, construction, and
power generation, also faced some hurdles during this period. It struggled with
factors like policy bottlenecks, infrastructure constraints, regulatory
challenges, and a slowdown in global demand. As a result, the Industrial
sector's growth was relatively moderate compared to the Services sector.
The Services
sector's growth was primarily driven by the expanding middle class, increasing
urbanization, and the rise of the digital economy. The sector also benefited
from the government's focus on reforms, such as the introduction of the Goods
and Services Tax (GST), which aimed to streamline taxation and boost
efficiency.
Overall, the
Services sector exhibited a stronger growth profile compared to the
Agricultural and Industrial sectors in India during the period from 2013 to
2019. This trend highlights the ongoing shift in the Indian economy towards
services-led growth, reflecting the country's evolving economic structure.
B. Medium Answer Questions (word limit
- 250 words)
Q3)
Discuss the concepts of ‘convertibility’ and ‘deficit of accounts’.
Q4) Write
a note on the ‘Concepts of Productivity’.
Q5) Do
you think that the approach of Crop Insurance and Contract Farming are helpful
for small farmers in Indian agriculture? Explain.
C. Short Answer Questions (word limit -
100 words)
Q6) Differentiate between:
(a) FDI
and FII.
(b)
Organised Sector and Unorganised Sector.
(c) Goods
Markets and Factor Markets.
Q7) Write short notes on the following.
(a)
Diversification of Agriculture.
(b) De
Minimus.
(c)
Competition Commission of India.
IGNOU BECE 142 Solved Assignment English Medium 2023-24
IGNOU BECE 141 Solved Assignment English Medium 2023-24
IGNOU BECE
146 Solved Assignment English Medium 2023-24 The Indira Gandhi National Open
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