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MPYE 015 GANDHIAN
PHILOSOPHY Solved Assignment 2022-23
Answer any five questions selecting at least two
from each of the sections.
Your answers should be in about 500 words
each.
1.
What is the idea of Swaraj in Gandhian Philosophy? “Satyagraha is not possible
without swaraj”. Analyze. 20
The twentieth century
has been characterised as a century of widespread democratic upsurge. The first
half of the century witnessed the overthrow of colonialism in Asia and Africa
because of the liberation struggles. The Indian freedom movement led by Mahatma
Gandhi which used nonviolent direct action satyagrahaas a technique of
struggle, has won general acclaim for the pioneering role it played in
sharpening and hastening the process of dismantling the classical forms of
colonialism and imperialism. The next two decades witnessed massive attempts at
post colonial transformation in the newly independent colonies initiated by the
state. There has been a deeply entrenched presumption that the state was an
effective mediator in ameliorating the conditions of the weaker and poorer
sections of people, for the purpose of ensuring social justice and equality,
the liberator of the oppressed and "an engine of growth and development
that would usher in a new civil order based on progress and prosperity and
confer rights to life and liberty, equality and dignity, on the people at
large."1
The third decade of independence was period of
disillusionment and demystification. It becomes clear that expectations of the
positive and interventionist role of the state and the presumed alliance
between the state and the masses have been completely belied. As pointed out by
Kothari; 'Today the state is seen to have betrayed the masses, as having become
the prisoner of the dominate classes and their transnational patrons and as
having increasingly turned anti-people...The state in the third world, despite
some valiant efforts by dedicated leaders in a few countries, has degenerated
into a technocratic machine serving a narrow power group that is kept in power
by hordes of security men at the top and a regime of repression and terror at
the bottom kept going by millions of hardworking people who must go on
producing goods and services for the system, for if they did not, every thing
would collapse''.2
This has evoked sharp response from the victims. They are
being organised and mobilised under the aegis of what are known as New Social
Movements / Action Groups / People Movements and these movements are engaging
the oppressors in violent and nonviolent struggles. These are movements of
dalits, tribals, women, displaced people, environmental movements, movements
for regional autonomy movements against globalization etc.
One can say without being seriously contested that the major
nonviolent/peaceful struggles of the post Gandhian period in India are organic
extensions of satyagraha campaigns carried out by Gandhiji in his anti-racial
and anti-colonial struggles in South Africa and India. In fact, there is hardly
any significant nonviolent struggle in any part of the world during the last
fifty years that does bear the impress and impact of Gandhian nonviolence in a
substantial way.
The anti-colonial struggle led by Gandhi for the liberation
of India was unique in many ways. That it was predominantly a nonviolent one
has been mentioned repeatedly. It is another aspect that I want to highlight
here. The Indian freedom movement was a multidimensional one. Gandhi did not
limit it to a single point agenda of putting an end to British rule in India.
Of course, ending foreign domination was an important and crucial item in the
Gandhian agenda. However, his goals were greater and more ambitious. What he
wanted to achieve was SwarajPoorna Swaraj or complete freedom.
A brief explanation of what Gandhi meant by swaraj is called
for here. Although the word swaraj means self-rule, Gandhi gave it the content
of an integral revolution that encompasses all spheres of life. "At the
individual level swaraj is vitally connected with the capacity for
dispassionate self-assessment, ceaseless self-purification and growing swadeshi
or self-reliance".3 Politically swaraj is self-government and not
good government (for Gandhi, good government is no substitute for
self-government) and it means continuous effort to be independent of government
control, whether it is foreign government or whether it is national. In the
other words, it is sovereignty of the people based on pure moral authority.
Economically, poorna swaraj means full economic freedom for the toiling
millions. For Gandhi, swaraj of the people meant the sum total of the swaraj
(self-rule) of individuals and so he clarified that for him swaraj meant
freedom for the meanest of his countrymen. And in its fullest sense, swaraj is
much more than freedom from all restraints, it is self-rule, self-restraint and
could be equated with moksha or salvation."4
How to realise swaraj also engaged Gandhiji's attention
seriously. He reminded his colleagues that swaraj will not drop from the cloud
and it would be the fruit of patience, perseverance, ceaseless toil, courage
and intelligent appreciation of the environment.5 He also reminded them
that swaraj means vast organising ability, penetration into the villages solely
for the services of the villagers; in other words, it means national education
i.e., education of the masses.'6 And in the Gandhian discourse, education
of the masses means conscientization, mobilisation and empowerment, making
people capable and determined to stand up to the powers that be. He said:
"Real swaraj will come, not by the acquisition of authority but by the
acquisition of the capacity by all to resist authority when it is abused. In
other words, swaraj is to be attained by educating the masses to a sense of
their capacity to regulate and control authority."7
Political independence was an essential precondition and the
first step towards the realisation of the goal of swaraj, but it was only a
first step. For political independence Gandhi worked with and through the
Indian National Congress, but there existed serious philosophical and
ideological differences between Gandhi and other prominent leaders of the Congress,
particularly Nehru. The development model visualised by Gandhi and enunciated
in the Hind Swarajknown as Gandhi's manifestoand the strategy he evolved
subsequently were totally unacceptable to Nehru and his Congress, Nehru
dismissed Hind Swaraj as "completely unreal" and declared that
neither he nor the Congress had ever considered the picture presented in it.
However, to Gandhi the vision presented in the Hind Swaraj was the ideal for
the realisation of which he had devoted his life fully. He wanted to rebuild
India after the model presented there. This required much more than ending
British rule.
Or
Discuss
and evaluate Gandhi’s critique of modernity. 20
2.
Discuss Gandhian understanding of swadeshi. Compare Gandhian idea of swadeshi
with some other idea(s) of swadeshi. 20
Or
What
is purushartha? Do you agree that Gandhian approach towards the concept of
Purushartha is different from its traditional approach? Give reasons to support
your answers. 20
3.
Answer any two questions in about 250 words. 2*10= 20
a)
Discuss and evaluate the idea of ends and means in Gandhian Philosophy. 10
b)
Do you agree that for Gandhi Satyagraha is a passive resistance? Substantiate
your answer. 10
c)
Discuss the idea of Ramrajya in Gandhian philosophy. 10
d)
“God is truth and Truth is God.” Discuss. 10 18
4.
Answer any four questions in about 150 words. 4*5= 20
a)
Briefly discuss the role of swadeshi in Satyagraha. 5
b)
Can religion be coterminous with morality? Discuss in the light of Gandhian
philosophy. 5
c)
Why does Gandhi think that reason is ambiguous and how can it be trained? 5
d)
Evaluate Gandhian thought on Varna system. 5
e)
Reflect on the complexity of Gandhi’s notion of truth. 5
f)
Write a note on the idea of Gandhian idea of trusteeship. 5
5.
Write short notes on any five in about 100 words. 5*4= 20
a)
Sarvodaya 4
b)
Idea of Charkha (Idea of spinning wheel) 4
c)
Idea of Upavasa in Gandhian Philosophy 4
d)
Ahimsa in Gandhian Philosophy 4
e)
Moral argument for the existence of God 4
f)
Idea of Brahmacharya (celibacy) in Gandhian Philosophy 4
g)
Idea of Ashrama in Gandhi’s philosophy 4
h)
Asteya (Non-stealing)
MPYE 015 Handwritten
Assignment 2022-23
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Please remember to keep a copy of your completed assignment, just in case the
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Submission Date :
· 31st March 2023 (if
enrolled in the July 2022 Session)
· 30th Sept, 2023 (if
enrolled in the January 2023 session).
IGNOU Instructions for the MPYE 015 Assignments
MPYE 015 GANDHIAN PHILOSOPHY Assignment 2022-23 Before
attempting the assignment, please read the following instructions carefully.
MPYE 015 GANDHIAN PHILOSOPHY Solved Assignment
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1.
Read the detailed instructions about the assignment given in the Handbook and
Programme Guide.
2.
Write your enrolment number, name, full address and date on the top
right corner of the first page of your response sheet(s).
3.
Write the course title, assignment number and the name of the study centre you
are attached to in the centre of the first page of your response sheet(s).
4. Use
only foolscap size paper for your response and tag all the pages
carefully
5.
Write the relevant question number with each answer.
6.
You should write in your own handwriting.
GUIDELINES FOR IGNOU
Assignments 2022-23
MPYE 015 Solved Assignment 2022-23 You will find it
useful to keep the following points in mind:
1. Planning: Read the questions carefully. Go through the units on
which they are based. Make some points regarding each question and then
rearrange these in a Gandhian Philosophyal order. And please write the answers
in your own words. Do not reproduce passages from the units.
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2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analytic
before drawing up a rough outline of your answer. In an essay-type question,
give adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion. The introduction
must offer your brief interpretation of the question and how you propose to
develop it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the
course of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as this will add some depth
to your analysis.
3. Presentation: Once you are satisfied with your answers,
you can write down the final version for submission, writing each answer neatly
and underlining the points you wish to emphasize.
IGNOU Assignment Front Page
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this: Get IGNOU Assignment Front page through. And Attach on front page
of your assignment. Students need to compulsory attach the front page in at the
beginning of their handwritten assignment.
MPYE 015 GANDHIAN PHILOSOPHY Solved Assignment
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MPYE 015 Handwritten
Assignment 2022-23
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