The behaviouristic and innate theory of language acquisition.
Behaviouristic Theory
The behaviourist psychologists developed their theories while
completing a series of experiments on animals. The behaviouristic and innate theory of language acquisition. They observed that rats or
birds, as an example , could be taught to perform various tasks by encouraging
habit-forming. Researchers rewarded desirable behaviour. This was mentioned as
positive reinforcement. Undesirable behaviour was punished or simply not
rewarded — negative reinforcement. The behaviouristic and innate theory of language acquisition. The behaviourist B. F. Skinner then proposed
this theory as an evidence for language acquisition in humans.
The behaviouristic and innate theory of language acquisition. In Verbal Behaviour (1957), he stated: “The basic processes
and relations which give verbal behaviour its special characteristics are now
fairly well understood. The behaviouristic and innate theory of language acquisition. Much of the experimental work responsible for this
advance has been administered on other species, but the results have proved to
be surprisingly free of species restrictions. Recent work has shown that the
methods are often extended to human behaviour without serious modifications.”
Skinner suggested that a toddler imitates the language of its
parents or carers. The behaviouristic and innate theory of language acquisition. Successful attempts are rewarded because an adult who
recognises a word spoken by a toddler will praise the child and/or provides it
what it's asking for .
The linguistic input was key — a model for imitation to be
either negatively or positively reinforced. The behaviouristic and innate theory of language acquisition. Successful utterances are therefore
reinforced while unsuccessful ones are forgotten. No essential difference
between the way a rat learns to barter a maze and a toddler learns to speak .
Innateness Theory
Noam Chomsky published a criticism of the behaviourist theory
in 1957. additionally to a number of the arguments listed above, he focused
particularly on the impoverished language input children receive. The behaviouristic and innate theory of language acquisition. This theory
is connected with the writings of Chomsky, although the idea has been around
for many years. Children are born with an innate capacity for learning human
language.
Humans are destined to talk . Children discover the grammar
of their language supported their own inborn grammar. Certain aspects of
language structure seem to be preordained by the cognitive structure of the
human mind. The behaviouristic and innate theory of language acquisition. This accounts surely very basic universal features of language
structure: every language has nouns/verbs, consonants and vowels. it's assumed
that children are preprogrammed, hard-wired, to accumulate such things. The behaviouristic and innate theory of language acquisition. Yet
nobody has been ready to explain how quickly and perfectly all children acquire
their language . Every language is extremely complex, filled with subtle
distinctions that speakers aren't even conscious of . Nevertheless, children
master their language in 5 or 6 years no matter their other talents and general
intellectual ability.
The behaviouristic and innate theory of language acquisition. Acquisition must certainly be quite mere imitation; it also
doesn’t seem to depend upon levels of general intelligence, since even a
severely retarded child will acquire a language without special training. The behaviouristic and innate theory of language acquisition. Some
innate feature of the mind must be liable for the universally rapid and natural
acquisition of language by any young child exposed to speech.
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