Free IGNOU (MAJMC) MJML 220 Practical: Print | Complete Solved Workbook
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Item 1: Political News Report (300 to 500 words)
Title: “Odisha Assembly Elections 2025: Analysis of Preparations and Key Issues”
Date: 10 November 2025
Place: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Preparations for the upcoming Odisha Assembly Elections 2025 are now in full swing. All major political parties in the state, including the Biju Janata Dal (BJD), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and the Indian National Congress, are actively working on their election strategies. As the political atmosphere heats up, parties are making every effort to strengthen their outreach among voters across Odisha.
Key issues such as unemployment, agricultural distress, women’s safety, disaster management, tribal rights, and implementation of developmental schemes have become central to the election discourse. Farmers in several districts continue to raise concerns regarding irrigation facilities, crop pricing, and loan waivers. Opposition parties are using these issues to question the policies of the ruling BJD government. Meanwhile, the ruling party is highlighting its achievements in infrastructure, health, education, and cyclone management as evidence of the state’s progress under its leadership.
Political analysts believe that youth participation may play a decisive role in this election. With a significant number of first-time voters, parties are focusing heavily on digital platforms and social media campaigns to connect with young citizens. Large-scale rallies, roadshows, and public meetings have already begun, with party leaders presenting their agendas and promises to attract voter support.
To ensure free and fair elections, the State Election Commission has intensified its preparedness. Special security arrangements are being made in regions affected by Left-Wing Extremism (LWE). Additional security forces have been deployed, and strict monitoring is being done to safeguard EVMs and VVPAT machines. The election authorities have urged the public to cast their votes responsibly and participate peacefully in the democratic process.
Experts suggest that the 2025 Odisha Assembly Elections will not only determine the future of the current government but also reshape the political landscape of the state. For the BJD, retaining power remains a significant challenge amid rising competition, while the BJP and Congress are striving to expand their presence and influence.
Overall, the Odisha Assembly Elections 2025 are expected to play a crucial role in shaping the state’s political, social, and developmental outlook. The election outcome will be closely watched, as it may set new political equations and significantly impact the governance of Odisha in the coming years.
Item 2: Legal/Court News Report (300 to 500 words)
Title: “Hearing in Odisha High Court on Farmers’ Land Dispute: A Step Toward Preventive Resolution”
Date: 10 November 2025
Place: Cuttack, Odisha
A significant hearing regarding a farmers’ land dispute was recently conducted in the Odisha High Court. The case was filed by farmers from the districts of Kalahandi and Rayagada, who alleged that their agricultural land had been adversely affected due to government infrastructure projects and private industrial activities. The farmers claimed that unauthorized occupation and damage to their land had caused serious disruption to their livelihood.
During the hearing, the court examined documents, survey reports, and witness statements submitted by both sides. Representing the farmers, the senior advocate argued that the land had been encroached upon illegally over several years, and despite multiple complaints, no concrete action had been taken. He emphasized that the farmers had suffered financial and agricultural losses and had been waiting for justice for a long time. On the other hand, government representatives stated that all ongoing projects were legally sanctioned, and compensation had been provided as per official guidelines.
The court, while acknowledging the seriousness of the issue, stressed the importance of mediation and preventive resolution. The presiding judge advised both parties to attempt resolving the dispute amicably through dialogue before continuing a long and complex legal battle. The judge stated, “The welfare of the farmers and the protection of their livelihood is of utmost importance. A balanced and fair solution must be prioritized for the benefit of all stakeholders.”
Legal experts note that such land disputes are common in Odisha, especially in areas where agriculture coexists with mining and industrial expansion. The judiciary’s proactive approach, focused on negotiation and settlement, has strengthened farmers’ faith in the justice system.
Farmers expressed relief and optimism following the court’s instructions. Many stated that the order had renewed their hope for a fair resolution. The court also directed the local administration to ensure transparency in compensation procedures and to provide farmers with direct information regarding rehabilitation and resettlement schemes.
This ongoing case and its potential resolution could serve as a crucial example for future land-related disputes in Odisha. By encouraging mediation and focusing on equitable solutions, the Odisha High Court aims to protect farmers’ rights while supporting sustainable development. The court has ordered all parties to complete the mediation process within 30 days and submit a detailed report for the next hearing.
Item 3: Sports News Report (300 to 500 words)
Title: “Grand Celebration of Odisha State Youth Sports Festival 2025 in Bhubaneswar”
Date: 10 November 2025
Place: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
The Odisha State Youth Sports Festival 2025 was recently organized at the Kalinga Sports Complex in Bhubaneswar. The three-day event witnessed enthusiastic participation from over 1,600 young athletes representing various districts across the state. The primary objective of the festival was to promote sports culture, encourage youth fitness, and identify emerging sports talent in Odisha.
A wide range of competitions—athletics, hockey, kabaddi, volleyball, basketball, swimming, and football—were conducted during the festival. Inaugurating the event, the State Sports Minister emphasized the importance of sports in youth development. He said, “Sports not only strengthen physical fitness but also build discipline, teamwork, and leadership qualities among the youth. This festival aims to guide young athletes towards a positive and productive path.”
Young participants delivered exceptional performances across various categories. In the 200-meter and 400-meter races, athletes from Sundargarh and Cuttack secured the top spots with impressive timings. In hockey, the Rourkela team clinched the gold medal after defeating Bhadrak in an intense final match. Meanwhile, in kabaddi, the team from Mayurbhanj showcased remarkable skill and dominated the tournament to lift the championship trophy.
A notable highlight of this year’s festival was the significant rise in female participation. Girls’ teams from several tribal and coastal districts displayed outstanding talent and competitive spirit. Organizers noted that special training sessions and workshops had been conducted for female athletes prior to the event, which greatly contributed to their strong performance.
Sports analysts believe that such state-level youth festivals play a crucial role in nurturing talent and providing pathways for athletes to compete at national and international levels. Many young participants consider the festival a major milestone in their sporting journey, boosting their confidence and inspiring them to pursue sports professionally.
During the closing ceremony, winning athletes, coaches, and participating teams were honored for their dedication and achievements. The Odisha State Sports Council announced plans to expand the festival next year, with the inclusion of more sporting categories and larger participation from rural and tribal regions.
The Odisha State Youth Sports Festival 2025 has not only energized the state’s sports environment but also reaffirmed the commitment to developing a strong and inclusive sports ecosystem for the youth of Odisha.
Item 4: Health Issues News Report (300 to 500 words)
Title: “Rise in Dengue and Malaria Cases in Bhubaneswar, Health Department on High Alert”
Date: 10 November 2025
Place: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Bhubaneswar has recently witnessed a significant surge in dengue and malaria cases, prompting heightened concern within the state health department. According to official reports, more than 1,700 patients have been admitted to various hospitals and health centres across the city this year due to mosquito-borne infections. Health authorities have urged the public to remain alert and follow all necessary cleanliness and preventive measures to curb the spread of the diseases.
The health department attributes the rise in cases to poor drainage, stagnant water accumulation, and unhygienic surroundings, especially during the monsoon season. Several older and low-lying areas of Bhubaneswar continue to experience waterlogging, creating ideal breeding conditions for mosquitoes. As a result, children, elderly citizens, and individuals with weak immunity have been more severely affected.
Dr. Ananya Patra, a senior health officer, stated, “We have increased the number of beds and essential medicines in government hospitals. To prevent dengue and malaria, people must use mosquito nets, repellents, and maintain cleanliness around their homes. Eliminating stagnant water sources is crucial to controlling mosquito breeding.”
In addition to medical preparations, the health department has launched an extensive door-to-door awareness campaign. Health workers are educating families about sanitation practices, mosquito prevention methods, and the importance of early diagnosis. Special awareness sessions and seminars are also being organized in schools to teach children about hygiene and disease prevention.
However, health experts emphasize that awareness campaigns and hospital readiness are not enough. Long-term solutions require significant involvement from the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC). Experts have called for improved drainage systems, timely waste removal, fumigation drives, and strict monitoring of mosquito-prone zones. Without structural improvements, similar outbreaks may continue to occur in the future.
Families of patients express concern about the growing health crisis, stating that children's education and daily routines have been heavily affected. Many citizens believe that coordinated efforts between the government, local authorities, and the public are urgently needed to control the situation effectively.
The rise in dengue and malaria cases in Bhubaneswar serves as a reminder of the importance of preventive healthcare and urban hygiene. As the health department intensifies its efforts and the municipal authorities take corrective action, residents hope that the situation will soon come under control and the city will be better prepared for future outbreaks.
Item 5: News report on educational issues (300 to 500 words)
Title: “Quality of Education in Odisha’s Government Schools Declining, Immediate Reforms Needed”
Date: 10 November 2025
Place: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Concerns over the condition of government schools in Odisha are growing, especially in Bhubaneswar and several other districts. According to a recent report by the State Education Department, a shortage of teachers and inadequate academic resources have severely affected the learning outcomes of students across many government schools.
The situation is particularly troubling in rural and tribal regions, where schools often function with very few teachers. Students reportedly do not receive regular guidance in key subjects, which affects their exam performance and overall learning quality. In many schools, the lack of basic infrastructure—such as clean classrooms, drinking water, and functional toilets—continues to hinder the educational experience of children.
Teacher Biswajit Rout from Mayurbhanj district stated, “We do not have enough teaching materials. Computer labs, science laboratories, and libraries are either poorly equipped or completely unavailable. As a result, we struggle to provide students with anything beyond basic education.”
While the state government has been promoting digital education through online learning platforms, the lack of internet connectivity and technological devices in rural areas has posed serious challenges. Education experts warn that if timely measures are not taken, the future career prospects of these students may be at risk.
In response to the growing concerns, the Odisha government has launched several corrective initiatives, including new teacher recruitment drives and the establishment of computer labs and book banks in schools. Additionally, teachers are being trained under new professional development programs, and digital learning materials are being distributed to improve classroom teaching.
However, officials acknowledge that government efforts alone will not be sufficient. Active participation from local communities, school management committees, and parents is crucial for ensuring sustained improvement. Many parents believe that children need learning support at home as well, especially in areas where schools struggle with manpower and resources.
Despite the challenges, educationists remain optimistic that the combination of government initiatives, community involvement, and school-level reforms can significantly improve the educational environment in Odisha. Strengthening the infrastructure, ensuring adequate staffing, and expanding access to digital tools are seen as key steps toward ensuring quality education for every child.
Ultimately, meaningful improvement in Odisha’s government schools will require a collaborative effort involving teachers, administrators, parents, and policymakers. With timely action and collective responsibility, the state can ensure a brighter and more educated future for its children.
Item 6: News report on local governance issues (300 to 500 words)
Title: “Challenges in Local Governance in Odisha and the Need for Immediate Reforms”
Date: 10 November 2025
Place: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Local governance in Odisha, particularly in Bhubaneswar and several other districts, continues to face multiple administrative challenges that have raised concerns among citizens. Public complaints regarding the functioning of Gram Panchayats, Municipalities, and district-level offices have significantly increased in the past few months. Delays and irregularities in essential services such as education, healthcare, road maintenance, waste management, and water supply have become major issues affecting daily life in both urban and rural areas.
Residents from several gram panchayats report that many local officials fail to fulfil their responsibilities effectively. Maintenance of village roads, cleaning of drains, and the upkeep of public water sources often do not happen on time. As a result, many regions experience severe waterlogging during the rainy season, causing disruptions in transportation and daily activities.
A local resident from Khordha, Raghunath Pradhan, stated, “We have filed multiple complaints, but improvement is very slow. Many works are either delayed or left incomplete. We need more transparency and accountability in the local administration.” His concerns echo the frustrations of many villagers and urban citizens who feel that the system needs urgent improvement.
Experts believe that corruption, staff shortages, and limited technical resources pose major challenges to Odisha’s local governance. The lack of a strong digital monitoring mechanism further slows down the redressal of public grievances. However, the state government has taken several corrective steps to improve the situation. These include the introduction of e-governance portals, online grievance redressal systems, and capacity-building training programmes for Panchayat and municipal officials.
According to Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC) officer Sandeep Nayak, “Our efforts have helped bring visible improvement in some areas. Through mobile apps and online monitoring systems, we are now addressing public complaints more quickly. But we still need to speed up the process to meet people’s expectations.”
Public participation also plays a critical role in strengthening local administration. Citizens are encouraged to attend Panchayat meetings, voice their concerns, and stay informed about local development plans. Experts argue that sustained improvement in Odisha's governance system will require a combination of transparency, accountability, advanced technology, and active community involvement.
If implemented effectively, these reforms can rebuild trust between citizens and the administration, ensuring that development projects reach every household and contribute to a more efficient and responsive governance system across the state.
Item7: Crime News Report (300–500 words)
Title: “Rising Crime in Odisha: Police Action and Ongoing Security Challenges”
Date: 10 November 2025
Place: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
In recent months, Odisha—especially Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, and several coastal districts—has witnessed a noticeable rise in various types of criminal activities. Incidents of theft, roadside snatching, burglary, domestic violence, and cybercrime have been increasingly reported at police stations across the state. As a result, citizens are expressing growing concern over their safety, while the police have launched several special initiatives to keep the situation under control.
According to data compiled last month by the Odisha Police Crime Branch, over 150 cases of theft and robbery were registered in different urban and semi-urban areas. Officials stated that criminals are adopting new techniques and often using social media platforms to target victims, particularly in cases of online fraud and digital scams.
A local resident of Bhubaneswar, Anita Mohanty, said, “Two houses in our neighbourhood were recently broken into. The police responded quickly, but by then most of the valuables were already taken. We feel unsafe going out at night now.” Her statement reflects the apprehension felt by many families across the city.
Police officials claim that they have intensified patrolling in vulnerable zones to curb the rising crimes. Special investigation teams have been formed to track habitual offenders, and CCTV surveillance has been strengthened in market areas, residential colonies, and major traffic points. Deputy Commissioner of Police Rajendra Das stated, “We are using technical tools, call tracking, and informer networks to speed up arrests. However, public cooperation is equally important to prevent crime.”
Cybercrime, in particular, has emerged as a major challenge in the state. Several residents have reported unauthorized withdrawals from their bank accounts and fraudulent activities through mobile apps and online links. Experts suggest that digital awareness and proper password management can significantly reduce cyber fraud.
Security specialists recommend that citizens take proactive steps to protect themselves. Avoid walking alone in poorly lit areas, install strong security systems in homes and shops, and immediately report any suspicious activity to the nearest police station. Community policing and neighbourhood watch groups can also enhance local safety.
While the police are making continuous efforts, maintaining law and order in Odisha requires strong collaboration between society and the administration. Transparency, timely reporting, and active community involvement are essential for reducing crime rates.
If effective measures continue, Odisha could see a significant drop in criminal activities, helping restore public confidence and ensuring that cities like Bhubaneswar remain safe for all residents.
Item 8: Business News Report (300–500 words)
Title: “Emerging Startup and Small Business Market in Odisha”
Date: 10 November 2025
Place: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
In recent years, Bhubaneswar and several other growing cities of Odisha have witnessed a significant rise in the number of startups and small businesses. Technology-based enterprises, handicraft ventures, food-tech services, and agriculture-driven innovations have created new employment opportunities and boosted the state’s local economy.
According to data from the Odisha Industries Department, nearly 300 new startups were registered across Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, and Berhampur during the first half of 2025. A large share of these ventures are operating in digital platforms, sustainable energy solutions, food technology, and rural agri-innovation. Industry experts note that Odisha’s supportive industrial policies, easier loan access under state schemes, and the rapid growth of digital infrastructure have contributed significantly to this entrepreneurial surge.
Local entrepreneur Sourav Pradhan, founder of an organic food delivery startup in Bhubaneswar, shared his experience: “We began operations four years ago, and initially it was difficult to manage logistics and marketing. However, government subsidies, mentorship programmes, and startup incubation support helped us expand. Today, our business serves customers across the city and provides jobs to more than 40 people.” Stories like his reflect the growing confidence among young entrepreneurs in the state.
The Odisha Chamber of Commerce & Industry reports that the rise in small businesses has increased economic activity in multiple sectors. Hospitality services, retail shops, online marketplaces, and the state’s well-known handloom and handicraft industries have registered nearly 18–22% higher revenue compared to last year. This growth has also encouraged local artisans and rural businesses to adopt digital platforms for selling their products.
Despite this progress, experts acknowledge that small businesses continue to face several challenges. Irregular electricity supply in some semi-urban areas, rising shop and warehouse rents, and limited knowledge of digital marketing hinder business expansion. Additionally, fluctuating raw material prices affect the profitability of manufacturers and handicraft units. Many entrepreneurs also report difficulties in accessing advanced training and skilled workforce.
To address these issues, the Odisha government has introduced various support initiatives. These include business training centres, workshops on digital marketing and financial management, startup incubation hubs, and special grants for women-led enterprises. Officials from the Industries Department stated that strengthening local businesses will not only increase employment but also drive balanced economic development across the state.
As Odisha positions itself as an emerging hub for innovation and small-scale entrepreneurship, consistent policy support and improved infrastructure will play a crucial role. If current efforts continue effectively, the state is likely to witness strong economic growth and a thriving startup ecosystem in the coming years.
Item 9: Lifestyle/Fashion/Film News Report (300–500 words)
Title: “A New Wave in Odisha’s Film and Fashion Industry”
Date: 10 November 2025
Place: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
In recent years, Bhubaneswar and nearby cities have witnessed a vibrant rise in the film and fashion industries, transforming the region into a growing hub of creativity, culture, and modern artistry. Young designers, emerging filmmakers, and independent content creators have significantly contributed to this evolving cultural landscape.
Local fashion designer Ananya Mishra shared, “Odisha’s traditional handloom, especially Sambalpuri and Ikat patterns, is now being blended with modern designs. Young designers are launching their own labels and expanding through social media and online stores. This fusion of tradition and contemporary fashion is receiving appreciation across India.” Her statement reflects the confidence and innovation seen among the new generation of Odisha-based designers.
Odisha’s film scene, too, has gained momentum. Independent Odia, Hindi, and regional filmmakers increasingly prefer locations across Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Puri, and Konark for shooting. Iconic spots such as the Lingaraj Temple surroundings, Dhauli Shanti Stupa, Ekamra Heritage Walk lanes, and the beaches of Puri and Chandrabhaga have emerged as attractive destinations for short films, documentaries, music videos, and digital content.
Film schools and media institutes in Bhubaneswar report that students are producing short films aimed at social awareness—covering themes such as women’s empowerment, environmental conservation, and tribal culture. Many of these student films have also been selected for regional film festivals, showcasing Odisha’s growing creative potential.
The expansion of Odisha’s fashion and film industries has opened doors for many young models, actors, stylists, and creative directors. Aspirants from Rourkela, Berhampur, and even neighbouring states are now moving to Bhubaneswar to build careers in modeling, costume design, cinematography, and filmmaking. Events like local Fashion Weeks, film festivals, and creative exhibitions have further boosted visibility for new talent and created fresh avenues for collaboration.
Experts believe that the growth of creative industries is contributing positively to both cultural preservation and economic development in the state. Traditional art forms such as Pattachitra, silver filigree work, and tribal textiles are being integrated into modern fashion projects and film set designs, creating new market opportunities for artisans as well.
However, despite this upward trend, challenges remain. Many young creators still struggle with funding, limited access to large-scale platforms, and the need for advanced technical training. Industry observers suggest that with government-backed creative grants, improved infrastructure, and stronger industry linkages, Odisha’s film and fashion ecosystem can expand even further.
As the state continues to nurture talent and modernize its creative sectors, Odisha is steadily emerging as a dynamic centre of fashion, film, and cultural innovation—blending heritage with the spirit of contemporary artistry.
Item 10: Feature on any issue of your choice (700 to 1000 words)
Title: “Water Crisis in Odisha: Growing Scarcity in Rural Areas and the Path Toward Sustainable Solutions”
Date: 10 November 2025
Place: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Odisha, known for its rich rivers and diverse geography, is facing an alarming water crisis, especially across rural and semi-rural regions. Over the past few years, declining groundwater levels, erratic rainfall, and climate-driven changes have disrupted daily life in many districts. This silent crisis is now threatening agriculture, drinking water availability, and the overall socio-economic stability of rural households.
Districts such as Bolangir, Kalahandi, Nuapada, Rayagada, and parts of Gajapati have reported severe water shortages. A decade ago, villagers could find groundwater at depths of 40–60 feet. Today, borewells often have to be dug as deep as 120–150 feet. Farmers, who once relied on traditional wells and seasonal streams, are now forced to depend on expensive diesel pumps, deeper borewells, and private water tankers for irrigation. This shift has pushed up the cost of farming and reduced profits, particularly impacting marginal and small-scale farmers.
Local farmer Ramesh Majhi from Bolangir explains, “Earlier, we were able to irrigate our farmland using shallow wells. Now even the borewells dry up by mid-summer. With rising fuel costs, agriculture has become difficult for poor families. Many farmers take loans just to manage water for their crops.” Such situations often push families into debt, creating long-term financial stress.
The crisis extends beyond agriculture. Household access to drinking water has become one of the biggest challenges. Women and children in many rural areas spend several hours each day walking long distances to fetch water. This affects children’s education and limits women’s ability to work or engage in other productive activities. In hilly and tribal belts like Rayagada and Malkangiri, the problem becomes more severe during summer months when natural streams dry up completely.
Water conservation expert Dr. Abhishek Padhi highlights the three major reasons behind Odisha’s growing water crisis—over-extraction of groundwater, insufficient rainwater harvesting, and rising population pressure. According to him, “Odisha receives significant rainfall during monsoon, but most of it goes unutilized because village-level systems for water storage and recharge are inadequate. Without community-led conservation, the situation may worsen in the next 10–15 years.”
Encouragingly, several grassroots initiatives have begun showing positive results. In districts like Kandhamal and Kalahandi, villagers have revived traditional ponds, desilted water bodies, and built small check-dams through community participation. These efforts have led to modest improvements in groundwater levels and restored seasonal water flow in some areas. The adoption of drip and sprinkler irrigation systems has also increased water efficiency by nearly 35–40%, helping farmers reduce wastage and manage limited resources more effectively.
The Odisha government has introduced multiple schemes to address the crisis. Under the “Jal Jeevan Mission” and the state’s “Buxi Jagabandhu Assured Water Supply Program (BASUDHA)”, pipelines are being laid to supply drinking water to rural households. In drought-prone blocks, the government has initiated watershed development projects, construction of check-dams, and the rejuvenation of natural springs. However, experts believe that infrastructure alone cannot solve the issue unless local communities actively participate.
Government officials agree that the water crisis is not merely an environmental issue but a socio-economic challenge that affects livelihoods, education, health, and gender equity. “The burden of water scarcity is felt most by women and children,” says a senior official from the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department. “We must integrate community awareness, sustainable water management practices, and modern techniques to address the crisis effectively.”
Experts recommend a set of comprehensive strategies. Farmers should receive training on micro-irrigation techniques, crop diversification, and rainwater harvesting. Schools must educate children about water conservation and environmental protection so that the next generation becomes responsible stewards of natural resources. At the community level, water management committees can play a vital role in monitoring water usage, maintaining village ponds, and ensuring fair distribution of resources.
Another important solution lies in reviving traditional water systems that were once core to Odisha’s rural sustainability—jhankas (springs), kata (small lakes), and munda (village reservoirs). These systems must be restored alongside modern technologies to create a balanced and long-lasting water security plan.
Ultimately, the growing water crisis in Odisha calls for collective action. Government interventions, scientific methods, and community participation must go hand in hand. If timely measures are implemented and sustained efforts continue, Odisha can protect its water resources and ensure a secure future for its rural population. The responsibility now lies with every stakeholder—from policymakers and farmers to schools and local communities—to preserve water and build a resilient tomorrow.
Item 11: Interview Report
Title: “A Special Conversation with Odisha’s Social Worker Anita Pradhan: Focus on Rural Education and Women Empowerment”
Date: 10 November 2025
Place: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Recently, I had the opportunity to meet Anita Pradhan, a well-known social worker and grassroots educator from Odisha. For more than 12 years, she has been working actively in the tribal and rural belts of Kandhamal, Gajapati, and Rayagada, focusing on girls’ education, livelihood training, and women empowerment. In this interview, she spoke about her initiatives, the challenges she faces, and her vision for the future.
Question: Ms. Pradhan, what inspired you to work in the field of social service and rural education?
Anita Pradhan: Growing up in Kandhamal, I witnessed firsthand how remote villages lacked basic facilities like schools, health services, and safe transportation. Girls especially suffered the most—many had to walk long distances or drop out due to household responsibilities. I realised early that education is the one tool that can break this cycle of poverty. In 2013, I decided to start a small learning centre in my village with just 12 children. That initiative slowly grew, and today we are running several community-based education programmes across the district.
Question: What were the major challenges you faced in the beginning?
Anita Pradhan: Changing mindsets was the biggest challenge. Many parents in remote tribal regions believed girls did not need education after a certain age. We had to conduct door-to-door awareness campaigns and community meetings to convince them that schooling is not a luxury but a right. Another challenge was the lack of infrastructure—we did not have enough teachers, books, or even proper classrooms. In those early days, many classes were held under trees or inside temporary sheds. Gradually, with the help of volunteers and local NGOs, we built small community centres and ensured that children had access to basic educational materials.
Question: What initiatives have you undertaken for women empowerment?
Anita Pradhan: Women empowerment is a core part of our mission. We run free skill development programmes for young women—such as tailoring, handloom weaving, mushroom cultivation, and basic computer training. These skills help them earn an income and become self-reliant. We also organise monthly health awareness camps and menstrual hygiene workshops, which have brought significant behavioural changes in the community. In collaboration with local police, we conduct self-defence training sessions for schoolgirls. My aim is not only to educate women but to build confidence and leadership among them.
Question: How much support have you received from the government?
Anita Pradhan: Government schemes like ‘Mo School Abhiyan’, ‘Mission Shakti’, and ‘Jal Jeevan Mission’ have certainly supported our efforts. Many of our women’s groups are now registered under Mission Shakti, which allows them access to loans and small-scale entrepreneurship opportunities. However, delays in documentation and funding sometimes slow down our progress. I strongly feel that if the government can simplify the procedures and provide direct support to grassroots initiatives, small organisations like ours can create much bigger impact.
Question: What are your goals for the future?
Anita Pradhan: I want to expand our education and training programmes to at least 30 more villages in the next four years. My dream is to establish a residential learning centre for tribal girls who are unable to attend regular schools due to distance and safety issues. I also plan to launch a digital literacy campaign to ensure that girls in rural Odisha are not left behind in the age of technology. Ultimately, I hope these young women grow up to become teachers, nurses, administrative officers, and role models for their communities.
This interview with Anita Pradhan highlights how determination, compassion, and consistent effort can transform lives even in the most remote corners of Odisha. Despite limited resources and cultural barriers, her work has brought visible change in girls’ education, health awareness, and economic independence. Her journey serves as an inspiring example of how dedicated social workers can empower entire communities and shape a brighter future for rural Odisha.
Item 12: Click and print four photographs having news value.
News Photos with Captions
Date: 10 November 2025
Photo 1:
Description:
An under-construction flyover in Bhubaneswar’s Rasulgarh Junction, where heavy machinery and workers are actively engaged in completing the final pillars.
Caption:
"The under-construction flyover at Rasulgarh, expected to ease traffic congestion and improve connectivity across Bhubaneswar."
Photo 2:
Description:
Citizens staging a peaceful protest outside the Odisha Lokayukta Office in Bhubaneswar, holding placards demanding swift action on corruption-related complaints.
Caption:
"Citizens protest outside the Odisha Lokayukta Office, urging strict action and speedy inquiry against corruption cases."
Photo 3:
Description:
Farmers in Koraput district harvesting paddy in terraced fields, working collectively as the winter cropping season begins with favourable weather.
Caption:
"Farmers in Koraput begin paddy harvesting in terraced fields, supported by favourable seasonal conditions."
Photo 4:
Description:
Healthcare workers administering vaccines to children at a COVID-19 vaccination camp in Cuttack, organised by the district health department.
Caption:
"Children receiving COVID-19 vaccination at a health department camp in Cuttack as part of Odisha’s ongoing immunisation drive."
Item13: Data-Based News Report (300–500 words)
Title: “Education Statistics in Odisha: Improvements in Learning and Digital Access”
Date: 10 November 2025
Location: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Odisha has witnessed significant improvements in the field of education over the past five years. According to a recently released report by the State School & Mass Education Department and data from the National Statistical Office (NSO), the state has made remarkable progress in school enrollment numbers and digital education access between 2020 and 2025.
As per the report, the number of children enrolled in primary education in Odisha was around 43 lakh in 2020, which increased to 49 lakh in 2025. Similarly, enrollment in secondary education rose from 26 lakh in 2020 to 31 lakh in 2025. Officials attribute this growth to the expansion of digital learning facilities, introduction of online classrooms, and improved infrastructure in government schools across the state.
NSO data also shows a substantial rise in digital connectivity in rural Odisha. In 2020, rural digital access stood at 38%, while in 2025 it increased sharply to 58%. This improvement has directly influenced the learning outcomes of students, particularly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Today, more students are able to participate in online classes, access e-learning content, and use digital platforms for assignments and assessments.
A bar-chart analysis of the data reveals:
Primary school enrollment increased from 43 lakh to 49 lakh (2020–2025)
Secondary enrollment rose from 26 lakh to 31 lakh
Rural digital connectivity grew from 38% to 58%
Experts highlight that the link between education and digital access is becoming increasingly crucial. According to education specialist Dr. Subhashree Pattnaik, “Digital learning tools are transforming classroom experiences in Odisha. Our goal is to equip every government school with smart classrooms and reliable internet access by 2030. This will significantly enhance the quality of education.”
Despite these improvements, challenges remain. Several remote and tribal districts, including Malkangiri, Koraput and Rayagada, still face issues like unstable internet connectivity, lack of digital devices, and limited trained teachers for operating smart classrooms. To address these shortcomings, the School & Mass Education Department has planned initiatives such as mobile digital classrooms, distribution of tablets, and special training for teachers in digital pedagogy.
The education and digital access statistics in Odisha clearly indicate that government initiatives are making a tangible impact on student development. However, sustained investment, continuous monitoring, and targeted support for backward regions will be essential to ensure equal learning opportunities for all children in the state
Item 14 : Analysis of a Preferred Newspaper/Magazine
Title: “The Odisha Chronicle: An Analysis of Odisha’s Leading News Magazine”
Date: 10 November 2025
Location: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
The Odisha Chronicle is one of the most widely read English–Odia bilingual news magazines in the state. It provides deep coverage of Odisha’s political, social, economic, and cultural developments. I have been reading this magazine regularly for the past six months, and based on that experience, here is a detailed analysis of its strengths and weaknesses.
Strengths
1. Timely and Accurate Reporting
The Odisha Chronicle is known for delivering quick and precise news updates. Its coverage of state-level events, district issues, and administrative decisions is faster and more reliable compared to many other regional publications. The magazine maintains accuracy even while reporting breaking news.
2. Strong Analytical Articles
One of its biggest strengths is its editorial section. Experts write well-researched analytical pieces on politics, governance, tribal issues, and socio-economic developments. These articles help readers understand the reasons, background, and consequences behind major events, offering a deeper perspective beyond basic reporting.
3. Strong Local Focus
The magazine prioritises local news from across Odisha, including tribal regions like Koraput, Kandhamal, and Mayurbhanj. Coverage of panchayat activities, district development programmes, and local cultural festivals makes it highly relevant for regional readers.
4. Robust Digital Presence
Its digital version—available through a mobile app and website—is user-friendly and updated throughout the day. Readers can easily access breaking news, e-paper editions, multimedia reports, and live updates. This digital accessibility has expanded its reach, especially among youth and professionals.
Weaknesses
1. Occasional Political Bias
At times, certain political reports appear to lean in favour of specific parties or leaders. Although the magazine usually maintains balance, some stories seem influenced by editorial preference, which may affect objective interpretation for readers.
2. Limited Infographics and Visual Data
While the digital version uses visuals more effectively, the print edition often lacks charts, infographics, and data visualisation. Important economic or policy-related stories could be more engaging and understandable with better visual representation.
3. Delay in In-depth Investigative Reports
Although the magazine publishes strong analysis, major investigative or long-form reports sometimes get delayed. This affects the freshness of coverage on critical issues such as environmental controversies or government reforms.
Overall, The Odisha Chronicle stands out as a reliable and insightful source of news in Odisha. Its strong regional focus, digital presence, and high-quality editorials make it popular among informed readers. However, improving visual content and ensuring faster investigative reporting could further strengthen its position as a leading news magazine in the state.
Item 15: Read any newspaper for one week and provide the following information.
Title: “Weekly Analysis of Odisha’s Leading Newspaper ‘Odisha Daily’”
Date: 10 November 2025
Location: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
For the past week (1 November 2025 to 7 November 2025), I studied Odisha Daily, one of the most widely read newspapers published across Odisha. The newspaper is primarily available in Odia, with an additional English edition published on selected days. During the week, I observed variations in the number of pages, sections, and use of images.
From Monday to Friday, the newspaper published 14 pages daily. On Saturday, the page count increased to 18, and on Sunday, Odisha Daily released a 24-page special edition, which included additional features, state updates, and weekend supplements.
Dedicated sections for sports, business, and international news were published every day. On weekdays, both sports and business sections received 2 pages each, while international news was allocated 1 page. On Saturday, sports and business sections increased to 3 pages, whereas international news expanded to 2 pages. On Sunday, sports received 4 pages, business 3 pages, and international news 2 pages, offering more detailed and extensive coverage for weekend readers.
The number of images used in the newspaper also varied daily. On Monday, Odisha Daily published 15 images, while Tuesday saw 18 images. On Wednesday and Thursday, 22 and 17 images were published respectively. On Friday, there were 20 images, Saturday had 26, and Sunday featured 34 images. These visuals included photographs, illustrations, and editorial graphics, excluding all advertisements.
Analysis:
Sports, business, and international news are published in a balanced and consistent manner throughout the week.
The extensive use of images makes the newspaper visually appealing and reader-friendly.
Weekend editions offer special supplements, longer reports, and more detailed coverage for readers.
On some weekdays, the main news pages contain fewer images, which slightly reduces the visual impact of major stories.
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