IGNOU FREE MEG 01 British Poetry Solved Assignment 2024-25

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IGNOU FREE MEG 01 BRITISH POETRY Solved Assignment 2024-25

Course Code: MEG 01

Assignment Code: MEG 01 ASST/TMA/2024-25

Marks: 100

Answer all questions.

1. Explain any two of the excerpts of poems given below with reference to their context:

(i) Now, sire”, quod she, “When we flee fro the bemes For Goddess love, as taak som laxative. Up peril of my soule and o lif, I counseille yow the beeste, I wol nat lye,

The speaker, most likely a woman addressing a man (referred to as "sire"), is advising him to take a laxative before they flee. She emphasizes the urgency with religious oaths ("For Goddess love"), stating the potential consequences on "peril of my soule and o lif" if he doesn't. She assures him this is the best course of action ("I counseille yow the beeste") and promises honesty ("I wol nat lye").

(ii) My loue is now awake out of her dreams (s), and her fayre eyes like stars that dimmed were With darksome cloud, now shew theyr goodly beams More bright then Hesperus his head doth rere.

This excerpt paints a vivid picture of the speaker's love waking up. Here's a breakdown of the imagery and meaning:

My love is now awake out of her dreams: The poem directly tells us the beloved has woken from sleep.

And her fair eyes like stars that dimmed were: Her eyes are compared to stars, suggesting their beauty and brilliance. However, these stars were previously "dimmed," implying they were closed in sleep.

With darksome cloud, now shew theyr goodly beams: The closed eyelids are metaphorically described as "darksome clouds" obscuring the stars' light. Now that she's awake, her eyes open, revealing their "goodly beams" – their beautiful light shining forth again.

More bright then Hesperus his head doth rere: The final line uses a simile to emphasize the incredible brightness of the beloved's eyes. Hesperus, also known as Venus, is the evening star, known for its brilliance. By saying her eyes shine brighter than Hesperus, the speaker is going above and beyond typical descriptions of beauty, suggesting her eyes are the most radiant thing he's ever seen.

Overall, this passage creates a romantic image of the beloved awakening, with her eyes likened to stars bursting forth with a light that surpasses even the beauty of the evening star. It's a clear expression of the speaker's admiration and love for her.

2. Highlight the salient features of Romanticism with illustrations from the poems prescribed for study.

Romanticism, a literary movement flourishing in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, stood in stark contrast to the preceding Age of Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and order. Romantics championed emotion, imagination, and the power of nature, often delving into the subjective experiences of the individual.

1. Primacy of Emotion over Reason:

Illustration: William Wordsworth's "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" showcases this beautifully. The speaker encounters a "crowd" of daffodils, not just a few flowers. This emphasizes the emotional impact – the overwhelming beauty that transcends mere reason. The image stays with him, a "wealth" that brings "tranquility" ("oft as on my couch I lie").

2. Celebration of Imagination:

Illustration: Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "Kubla Khan" is a prime example. The poem, famously born from a dream, is a tapestry of fantastical imagery – a "pleasure dome" in Xanadu, a "sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice," and a "woman wailing for her demon lover." These surreal elements wouldn't be found in a purely rational poem.

3. Nature as a Source of Solace and Inspiration:

Illustration: Many Romantic poems elevate nature. William Blake's "Songs of Innocence" collection, with poems like "The Lamb" and "Infant Joy," finds purity and innocence reflected in nature's beauty. Similarly, Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey" describes nature as a "holy presence" that heals and restores the speaker's spirit.

4. Focus on Individuality and Personal Expression:

Illustration: John Keats' "Ode on a Grecian Urn" explores the speaker's contemplation of the scenes depicted on a Grecian urn. He ponders the emotions and stories behind the frozen figures, highlighting his own subjective interpretation.

5. Subjectivity and the Power of the Inner World:

Illustration: William Blake's "The Tyger" delves into the speaker's awe and terror at the power of the tiger. The vivid imagery ("burning bright / In the forests of the night") and questions ("Did he who made the Lamb make thee?") reveal the speaker's internal struggle to reconcile the beauty and ferocity of nature.

6. A Yearning for the Past and the Supernatural:

Illustration: Romantics were often fascinated by medieval times and the supernatural. We see this in elements of Coleridge's "Christabel," a ballad with a gothic atmosphere, featuring a mysterious female character and a haunting curse.

7. A Celebration of Freedom and Rebellion:

Illustration: Lord Byron's poems, like "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage," often portray a sense of rebellion against societal norms and a yearning for freedom. The poem's protagonist, Childe Harold, is a disillusioned wanderer who embodies this Romantic spirit.

8. Use of Simple Language and Everyday Speech:

Illustration: While Romantics employed vivid imagery, they often used everyday language. Wordsworth, in particular, advocated for a "natural language" that could connect with a wider audience. This is evident in poems like "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud," which uses accessible language to convey profound emotions.

9. The Power of Memory and Nostalgia:

Illustration: William Wordsworth's "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" revisits a past experience, highlighting the power of memory to evoke strong emotions. The speaker's childhood encounter with the daffodils continues to bring him joy, showcasing the importance of past experiences in shaping the Romantic spirit.

10. A Connection Between Nature and the Divine:

Illustration: William Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey" reflects on the speaker's relationship with nature over time. He sees nature as a manifestation of the divine, a source of spiritual connection and inspiration.

These are just a few examples of how Romantic poets used language and imagery to express their core values. By studying these poems and others from the Romantic era, you can gain a deeper understanding of this influential literary movement and its lasting impact on literature.

3. Attempt a comparison between the Epithalamion and the Prothalamion as wedding songs.

Edmund Spenser, a prominent figure in Elizabethan literature, penned two renowned poems celebrating weddings: "Epithalamion" (1595) and "Prothalamion" (1596). Though both serve as wedding songs, they differ significantly in their focus, tone, and personal connection. Let's delve into these poems, exploring their unique characteristics and how they represent the joy and anticipation surrounding weddings.

1. Subject and Perspective:

"Epithalamion" is a deeply personal celebration of Spenser's own marriage to Elizabeth Boyle. It's a lengthy poem, spanning over 400 lines, that chronicles the wedding day from dawn to the anticipated consummation.

"Prothalamion", in contrast, focuses on the double wedding of the daughters of the Earl of Worcester – Elizabeth and Katherine Somerset. It's a shorter poem (around 200 lines) that doesn't delve into the specifics of the ceremony but captures the celebratory atmosphere surrounding the event.

2. Tone and Emotion:

"Epithalamion" is a passionate and intimate poem. Spenser expresses his overwhelming love for Elizabeth, using rich imagery and metaphors to depict their union. The poem is filled with joy, anticipation, and a touch of sensuality.

"Prothalamion" adopts a more celebratory and public tone. It praises the beauty and virtue of the brides and wishes them a prosperous future. The poem evokes a sense of joyous anticipation for the upcoming weddings but lacks the personal intensity found in "Epithalamion."

3. Imagery and Symbolism:

"Epithalamion" employs a rich tapestry of imagery. The poem draws upon classical mythology, nature, and religious symbolism. References to the Muses, Diana, and the dawn evoke a sense of beauty and new beginnings. Nature imagery like flowers and birds create a vibrant and joyous atmosphere. The poem also uses symbolic elements like the rose garland Elizabeth wears, representing her purity and virginity.

"Prothalamion" utilizes natural imagery prominently. The poem describes the Thames River, swans gliding on its surface, and nymphs gathering flowers. These elements symbolize fertility, purity, and harmony. The poem also references mythological figures like Aurora, the goddess of dawn, and the Graces, goddesses of charm and beauty. However, the use of imagery is less personal and more focused on creating a general celebratory mood.

4. Structure and Form:

"Epithalamion" showcases a complex and varied structure. It employs a variety of stanzas, including quatrains, sestets, and sonnets. This variation reflects the poem's emotional journey, mirroring the excitement and anticipation of the wedding day.

"Prothalamion" adopts a more structured form, relying primarily on twelve-line stanzas with a specific rhyme scheme. This creates a sense of order and formality, befitting the celebration of a public event.

5. Audience and Purpose:

"Epithalamion" was written primarily for Elizabeth and serves as a public declaration of Spenser's love and commitment. However, it also caters to a broader audience, inviting them to share in the couple's joy.

"Prothalamion" is intended for a wider audience – the aristocratic families involved, guests at the wedding, and potentially the wider public. The poem aims to celebrate the occasion and offer good wishes to the brides.

In Conclusion

"Epithalamion" and "Prothalamion" offer contrasting perspectives on marriage celebrations. While "Epithalamion" dives deeply into the personal emotions and intimacy of a specific wedding, "Prothalamion" provides a more public and joyous celebration of a social event. Both poems, however, capture the essence of a wedding - the union of two individuals and the hope for a prosperous future. By studying these poems, we gain insight into Elizabethan marriage customs and the power of language to express love, joy, and anticipation.

4. Would you agree that Milton reflects on blindness in Sonnets 19 & 23? Give a reasoned answer.

John Milton, a towering figure in English literature, famously lost his sight in his mid-forties. This event undoubtedly shaped his life and work, particularly his sonnets. Sonnets 19 ("When I consider how my light is spent") and 23 ("Methought I saw my late espoused saint") both grapple with the realities of blindness, albeit in different ways. Let's delve into these poems to see how Milton reflects on this lifealtering experience.

Sonnet 19: A Stoic Acceptance with a Hint of Doubt

"When I consider how my light is spent" immediately establishes the central theme – the loss of sight. "Light" here is a metaphor for both physical vision and intellectual ability. Milton ponders the impact of blindness on his ability to contribute to society.

"They also serve who only stand and wait" reflects a stoic acceptance of his situation. He acknowledges that service to God can take many forms, and his blindness doesn't negate his potential value.

"Lest He returning chide" introduces a hint of doubt. The "He" refers to God, and Milton worries about facing God's disapproval for not using his "talent" (his ability to write) fully.

Sonnet 23: A Glimpse of Loss and the Power of Memory

"Methought I saw my late espoused saint" opens the poem with a dream of his deceased wife. The use of "methought" emphasizes the dreamlike quality of the vision, highlighting the painful reality of her absence.

"But Oh! as to embrace me she inclin'd" portrays the yearning for physical connection and the frustration of its impossibility due to his blindness.

"I wak'd, she fled, and day brought back my night" underscores the harsh transition from the dream's comfort to the constant darkness of his waking life.

Similarities and Differences in Reflecting on Blindness

Both poems acknowledge the limitations imposed by blindness. In Sonnet 19, it's the concern about not fulfilling his potential; in Sonnet 23, it's the physical barrier to experiencing the world and loved ones.

However, the emotional responses differ. Sonnet 19 exhibits a more intellectual and contemplative approach, grappling with the meaning of service and purpose. Sonnet 23 is an emotional outpouring, expressing grief, longing, and the sharp contrast between dream and reality.

Arguments for and Against Milton Reflecting on Blindness Arguments For:

The imagery of light and darkness in both poems is a clear reference to his blindness.

The themes of service, lost potential, and the dream sequence in Sonnet 23 all connect to the limitations imposed by sightlessness.

These poems were written after he lost his sight, suggesting a personal connection to the subject matter.

Arguments Against:

Sonnet 19 may be interpreted more generally as a reflection on aging and the passage of time, not solely about blindness.

The dream sequence in Sonnet 23 could be a broader exploration of loss and grief, not specifically tied to his visual impairment.

A Weighing of Evidence

While the poems don't explicitly state "blindness" as the central theme, the overwhelming evidence suggests Milton reflects on its impact. The imagery, the underlying themes of limitation and loss, and the historical context of his life all point towards a personal exploration of his changed reality.

Conclusion:

John Milton's Sonnets 19 and 23 offer a rich tapestry of emotions and reflections in response to blindness. While not solely focused on this theme, the poems reveal the challenges, anxieties, and glimpses of hope that accompany such a life-altering experience. By studying these sonnets, we gain a deeper understanding of Milton's inner world and the profound impact of sight loss on his life and work.

5. Would you consider Sylvia Plath’s Daddy to be an expression against the voice of patriarchy? Comment critically.

Absolutely, Sylvia Plath's "Daddy" can be considered a powerful expression against the voice of patriarchy. The poem is a searing indictment of the controlling and suffocating influence of male figures in Plath's life, particularly her deceased father. Here's a breakdown of the key elements that support this interpretation:

Dehumanization of the Father Figure: Plath portrays her father not as a loving parent but as a monstrous figure, a "black shoe" that cripples her ("I made a pact with you, Daddy, / And Dad, I knew you / Would do me this favor"). This dehumanization strips him of his patriarchal authority and exposes the damage his dominance has inflicted.

Connection to Patriarchy: The poem goes beyond a personal attack on Plath's father. Lines like "Every woman adores a Fascist / The boot in the face, it's better than muddling about" connect her experience to a broader societal reality where women are expected to submit to male authority. This association between her father and a fascist leader highlights the oppressive nature of patriarchy.

Themes of Suffocation and Control: The poem is riddled with imagery of confinement and control. Plath describes herself as "a damned thing" the speaker's father "punished," emphasizing his power over her. Lines like "I thought I'd made it safe for you, / Daddy," reveal her internalized sense of needing to appease him, even in death. This reflects the ways patriarchy can limit women's autonomy and sense of self.

Reclaiming Power Through Anger: Despite the pain and fear, the poem showcases Plath's attempt to reclaim power. The raw anger directed towards her father ("I hate it, / I hate it all") is a defiant act against his controlling presence. The final lines, "Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I'm through," show a rejection of his dominance and a potential step towards liberation.

However, a purely celebratory reading of "Daddy" as a feminist triumph would be simplistic. Here are some critical considerations:

Limited Scope: While the poem critiques patriarchy, it primarily focuses on Plath's personal experience with her father. It doesn't offer a broader analysis of the societal structures that perpetuate male dominance.

Ambiguity of the Ending: The poem's ending, while defiant, is also laced with ambiguity. "Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I'm through" could be interpreted as a genuine liberation or a desperate cry against an unyielding force.

Focus on the Negative: The poem's raw anger and imagery can be overwhelming. While effective in conveying the pain, it doesn't necessarily offer a clear path towards dismantling patriarchy.

In conclusion, Sylvia Plath's "Daddy" is a powerful and complex poem that undeniably critiques the oppressive nature of patriarchy. The poem exposes the emotional toll of male dominance and the speaker's struggle for liberation. However, its focus on personal experience and the ambiguity of the ending leave room for a nuanced understanding of the poem's message within the context of feminism.

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