Describe the bases of power and concept of dependency. Discuss the various power tactics
Power is the ability to influence others and make them do
what they would not have done otherwise. Power exists in all aspects of our
lives, including the workplace, politics, and society. The concept of power and
dependency has been a subject of study in the social sciences for many years.
Power is the ability to control others, while dependency is the reliance of one
person or group on another. In this essay, we will explore the different bases
of power and the concept of dependency.
The
Bases Of Power of Dependency
1. Bases of Power
The French and Raven (1959) model identified five bases of
power: coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert power. Later, Raven
(1965) added a sixth base of power, information power. These six bases of power
have been extensively studied and used in organizational and management
literature.
Coercive Power
Coercive power is based on the ability to punish or harm
others. It is the power to force someone to comply with orders or demands. This
power can be seen in military and police organizations, where officers have the
authority to use force to maintain law and order. In the workplace, managers
may use coercive power to discipline employees who are not meeting performance
standards.
2. Reward Power
Reward power is based on the ability to offer rewards to others.
This power is often used in the workplace, where managers can offer bonuses,
promotions, or other incentives to motivate employees. In social situations,
people with high social status may use reward power to offer invitations to
exclusive events or other desirable benefits.3.
3. Legitimate Power
Legitimate power is based on the position or role of an
individual. This power comes from the authority vested in a position, such as a
manager or president. People in these positions have the power to make
decisions, delegate responsibilities, and enforce rules.
4. Referent Power
Referent power is based on the admiration or respect others
have for an individual. This power comes from the charisma, personality, or
reputation of a person. People with referent power can influence others based
on their personal characteristics, such as celebrities, religious figures, or
political leaders.
5. Expert Power
Expert power is based on the knowledge, skills, or expertise
of an individual. This power is often found in technical or specialized fields,
where people with knowledge or skills can influence others. In the workplace,
experts in a particular field may have the power to make decisions, influence
policy, or offer advice to managers.
6. Information Power
Information power is based on the control of information.
This power comes from having access to information that others do not have.
People with information power can influence others by providing or withholding
information. This power is often seen in organizations where employees have
access to sensitive information, such as human resources or financial data.
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Concept
of Dependency
Describe the bases of power and concept of dependency:-Dependency is the reliance of one person or group on another. It is the degree to which a person or group is dependent on another person or group for resources or support. Dependency is an important concept in understanding power relationships, as it is the basis for the use of power. The greater the dependency, the greater the potential for the use of power.
Dependency can take several forms. One form of dependency is
economic dependency, where one person or group is dependent on another for
economic resources. For example, an employee is dependent on their employer for
their salary and benefits. Another form of dependency is social dependency,
where one person or group is dependent on another for social support, such as
emotional support or friendship. A third form of dependency is political
dependency, where one person or group is dependent on another for political
support or influence.
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Dependency can also be seen in power relationships. The person or group with more power is often less dependent on others, while the person or group with less power is more dependent
The
Various Power tactics
1. Rational Persuasion
Rational persuasion is the use of logical arguments and facts
to persuade others. This tactic involves presenting a convincing case that
supports a particular point of view. Rational persuasion is often used in the
workplace, where managers may use it to convince employees to accept new
policies or procedures. It is also used in politics, where politicians use it
to persuade voters to support their policies or candidates.
2. Inspirational Appeal
An inspirational appeal is a tactic that involves appealing
to others' emotions and values. This tactic involves inspiring and motivating
others to achieve a common goal. Inspirational appeals are often used in
leadership and team-building contexts, where leaders use them to inspire their
followers to work together towards a common objective.
3. Consultation
Consultation is a tactic that involves seeking input and
advice from others before making a decision. This tactic involves soliciting
opinions and ideas from others and taking them into account when making a
decision. Consultation is often used in the workplace, where managers may use
it to involve employees in decision-making processes. It is also used in
politics, where politicians may use it to gather input from their constituents
before making policy decisions.
4. Ingratiation
Ingratiation is a tactic that involves building relationships
with others in order to influence them. This tactic involves being friendly,
helpful, and likable to others. Ingratiation is often used in the workplace,
where employees may use it to build relationships with their managers or
coworkers. It is also used in politics, where politicians may use it to build
relationships with their constituents.
5. Personal Appeal
A personal appeal is a tactic that involves appealing to
others based on personal relationships or connections. This tactic involves
leveraging personal relationships or connections to influence others. Personal
appeals are often used in the workplace, where employees may use them to
influence their managers or coworkers. They are also used in politics, where
politicians may use them to appeal to their constituents based on personal
relationships or connections.
6. Legitimacy
Legitimacy is a tactic that involves using authority or
formal power to influence others. This tactic involves using formal rules,
policies, or regulations to influence others. Legitimacy is often used in the
workplace, where managers may use it to enforce policies or regulations. It is
also used in politics, where politicians may use it to enforce laws or
regulations.
7. Exchange
Exchange is a tactic that involves offering something of
value to others in exchange for their cooperation. This tactic involves offering
a reward or incentive to others in exchange for their support or cooperation.
Exchange is often used in the workplace, where managers may use it to motivate
employees to achieve specific goals. It is also used in politics, where
politicians may use it to offer rewards or incentives to their constituents in
exchange for their support.
8. Coalition
A coalition is a tactic that involves building alliances with others in order to influence them. This tactic involves building a group or coalition of people with similar interests or goals to influence others. Coalitions are often used in politics, where politicians may form alliances with other politicians or interest groups to influence policy decisions. They are also used in the workplace, where employees may form alliances to influence their managers or coworkers.
Conclusion
Describe the bases of power and concept of dependency:-Power tactics are important tools for individuals seeking to
influence others and achieve their objectives. The effective use of power
tactics requires an understanding of the different tactics and their
application in different contexts. The use of power tactics must be ethical and
responsible.
Q: What is power?
A: Power refers to the ability of
an individual or group to influence or control the behavior of others, either
through the use of force, coercion, or persuasion.
Q: What are the sources of power?
Ans: The sources of power can be
grouped into two main categories: personal power and positional power. Personal
power includes characteristics such as knowledge, expertise, and charisma,
while positional power is derived from an individual's formal position or role
within an organization.
Q: What are the types of power?
Ans: The types of power can be
categorized into five main types: coercive power, reward power, legitimate
power, expert power, and referent power.
Q: What is coercive power?
Ans: Coercive power refers to the
ability to punish or threaten punishment to control the behavior of others.
Q: What is reward power?
Ans: Reward power refers to the ability to provide incentives or rewards to influence the behavior of others.
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