Respiration is a vital physiological process that involves the exchange of gases between the body and the environment. The neural mechanisms that control respiration are complex and involve a network of neurons located in the brainstem.
The primary
area responsible for respiration control is the medulla oblongata, which
contains both the dorsal respiratory group (DRG) and the ventral respiratory
group (VRG). These two groups of neurons work together to regulate breathing.
What are neural mechanisms
which control respiration Elaborate them briefly
The DRG
contains neurons that are responsible for generating the rhythm of breathing.
They receive sensory input from the lungs and the blood vessels and integrate
this information to generate the appropriate pattern of breathing.
The VRG
contains neurons that are responsible for the force of breathing. These neurons
activate the muscles of respiration, including the diaphragm and intercostal
muscles, to control the depth and frequency of breathing.
In addition to
the DRG and VRG, there are other areas of the brainstem that can influence
respiration. For example, the pontine respiratory group (PRG) modulates the
respiratory rhythm generated by the DRG. The PRG also receives input from other
areas of the brain, including the cortex and limbic system, which can influence
breathing in response to emotional or psychological stimuli.
Overall, the
neural mechanisms that control respiration are highly coordinated and involve
multiple areas of the brainstem. This allows for the precise regulation of
breathing in response to changes in metabolic demand and other physiological
needs.
Respiration is
controlled by a complex network of neural mechanisms located in the brainstem.
These mechanisms are responsible for generating the rhythmic pattern of
breathing, adjusting the rate and depth of breathing, and responding to changes
in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the body.
The primary
respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata, a part of the
brainstem. Within the medulla, there are two main groups of neurons: the dorsal
respiratory group (DRG) and the ventral respiratory group (VRG). The DRG is
responsible for the basic rhythm of breathing, while the VRG is responsible for
adjusting the rate and depth of breathing.
The DRG
contains pacemaker cells that generate the rhythm of breathing. These cells are
called pre-Bötzinger complex neurons and they fire spontaneously to create the
rhythm of breathing. The rhythm of breathing is then transmitted to other
neurons in the DRG, which send signals to the VRG and other parts of the
brainstem to adjust the rate and depth of breathing.
The VRG
contains two subgroups of neurons: the inspiratory neurons and the expiratory
neurons. The inspiratory neurons are responsible for generating the inspiratory
phase of breathing, while the expiratory neurons are responsible for generating
the expiratory phase of breathing. The VRG receives input from the DRG, as well
as from other parts of the brainstem and the peripheral nervous system, to
adjust the rate and depth of breathing.
For SOLVED PDF & Handwritten
WhatsApp No :- 7838475019
In addition to
the medulla, other areas of the brain, such as the pons, also play a role in
regulating respiration. The pons contains neurons that help to smooth out the
transitions between the inspiratory and expiratory phases of breathing, and
also help to regulate the rate and depth of breathing.
Overall, the neural mechanisms that control respiration are highly complex and involve a network of neurons located throughout the brainstem. These mechanisms work together to ensure that the body is receiving adequate oxygen and getting rid of excess carbon dioxide, while also responding to changes in metabolic demand and other physiological factors.
0 comments:
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.