Discuss the historical development of urban anthropology with special reference to the Manchester School Urban anthropology is a subfield of anthropology that focuses on the study of urban life and culture. It emerged as a distinct field of study in the mid-20th century, as urbanization and urban migration became significant global phenomena. The historical development of urban anthropology can be traced back to the early anthropological studies of urban life and culture in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
In the early
20th century, anthropologists such as Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict focused on
studying the urban Native American communities in North America. They examined
the impact of urbanization on these communities and how it affected their
traditional ways of life. However, it was not until the 1950s and 1960s that
urban anthropology as a subfield gained significant attention.
Discuss the historical
development of urban anthropology with special reference to the Manchester
School
The Manchester
School was a group of anthropologists based at the University of Manchester in
the UK who made significant contributions to the development of urban
anthropology. The Manchester School, also known as the Manchester Method, was
led by Max Gluckman and included other prominent anthropologists such as Victor
Turner and Mary Douglas.
The Manchester
School was characterized by its focus on the study of urban social organization
and its rejection of traditional anthropological theories that emphasized the
importance of kinship and family structures in non-urban societies. Instead,
the Manchester School emphasized the importance of social networks, power
relations, and conflict in urban societies.
The Manchester
School’s research was based on extensive fieldwork conducted in urban areas of
Africa, particularly in Zambia and South Africa. They focused on studying the
urban poor and the informal economies that developed in urban areas. Their
research showed that urbanization led to the emergence of new forms of social
organization and that traditional anthropological theories could not adequately
explain urban social phenomena.
The Manchester
School’s research contributed to the development of a new approach to urban
anthropology that emphasized the importance of studying urban social relations,
power dynamics, and conflict. Their work also had a significant impact on other
social sciences, such as sociology and geography, and contributed to the
development of interdisciplinary approaches to the study of urban life and
culture.
In summary, the
historical development of urban anthropology can be traced back to the early
anthropological studies of urban Native American communities. However, it was
not until the 1950s and 1960s that urban anthropology as a subfield gained
significant attention, with the Manchester School making significant
contributions to the development of the field through its focus on the study of
urban social organization, social networks, power relations, and conflict.
Urban
anthropology is a subfield of anthropology that focuses on the study of urban
life and culture. The Manchester School was a group of anthropologists based at
the University of Manchester in the UK who made significant contributions to the
development of urban anthropology.
The Manchester
School was characterized by its focus on the study of urban social organization
and its rejection of traditional anthropological theories that emphasized the
importance of kinship and family structures in non-urban societies. Instead,
the Manchester School emphasized the importance of social networks, power
relations, and conflict in urban societies.
The Manchester
School’s research was based on extensive fieldwork conducted in urban areas of
Africa, particularly in Zambia and South Africa. They focused on studying the
urban poor and the informal economies that developed in urban areas. Their
research showed that urbanization led to the emergence of new forms of social
organization and that traditional anthropological theories could not adequately
explain urban social phenomena.
The Manchester
School’s research contributed to the development of a new approach to urban
anthropology that emphasized the importance of studying urban social relations,
power dynamics, and conflict. Their work also had a significant impact on other
social sciences, such as sociology and geography, and contributed to the
development of interdisciplinary approaches to the study of urban life and
culture.
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In addition to their contributions to the study of urban anthropology, the Manchester School also made significant contributions to the development of the anthropological theory of structural-functionalism. Structural-functionalism emphasized the importance of understanding the function of social structures in maintaining social order, and the Manchester School applied this theory to the study of urban social organization.
In conclusion,
the Manchester School made significant contributions to the development of
urban anthropology and the anthropological theory of structural-functionalism.
Their focus on the study of urban social organization, social networks, power
relations, and conflict contributed to the development of a new approach to
urban anthropology that emphasized the importance of interdisciplinary
approaches to the study of urban life and culture.
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