Explain historical linkages, economic and security cooperation between India and Central Asia.

Introduction

Indian Foreign Affairs Journal, a quarterly publication of the Association of Indian Diplomats attempts to provide an intellectually stimulating forum for the examination of various aspects of India's Foreign Policy. This Examination is undertaken by the experienced decision-makers, serious scholars, and seasoned analysis.

India and Central Asia have had longstanding historical, cultural, political, and economic relations that have over the time metamorphosed into a stable, mature, and transformational partnership. India’s proximity and growing convergence on issues of mutual concern with the five Central Asian countries—comprising Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan—have been reflected in heightened cooperation in addressing emerging geostrategic challenges in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the changing world order.

Concurrently, the two sides have enhanced deliberations and cooperation on areas such as trade and connectivity, economic development, development partnership, energy security, regional issues of mutual interests as well as the mutual geopolitical concerns of each side on emerging challenges in Afghanistan.

During the third India-Central Asia Dialogue recently held in New Delhi on 19 December 2021, the two sides further reiterated commitment towards building robust cooperation in addressing emerging global concerns while emphasising the ardent need to promote security, stability, and long-term shared economic prosperity in the India-Central Asia geopolitical architecture. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s historic visit, in July 2015, to all five Central Asian countries— marking the first time an Indian PM has gone to all five countries in a single visit since their independence in the early 1990s—was a turning point in reinvigorating the socio-politico-economic tie between the two sides. Central Asia is the northern frontier of the Islamic world hitherto unaffected by fundamentalist wave. The Soviet developmental legacy still remains as a bulwark against potential extremist threats emanating from Pakistan and Afghanistan. However, behind the secular settings a major shift to a far more religious pattern of society is underway in the region.

Explain historical linkages, economic and security cooperation between India and Central Asia.

Over the years, India has been taking renewed interest in enhancing its strategic presence in Central Asia, but it is yet to capitalise on various opportunities and potentials. India's full membership into the SCO now opens up an opportunity for a closer engagement with region but New Delhi still lacks a political-strategic clarity. This book is an attempt to provide an overview of the political and strategic process at work in Central Asia since its emergence in 1991 and the intricate issues that impinge on India. The book is mostly about identifying critical points that are important for evolving a sound Central Asia policy in India.

The book does not in any sense purport to be an academic endeavour on Central Asian studies but merely a narrative, as well as, an analytical account and a result of author's own self-education and understanding gathered through extensive interactions with wide sections of people in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, especially with the think tanks, academia, government officials and the diplomatic community.

The chapters in book are capsulated to provide analyses of the impinging issues that shape the dynamic interplay between Central Asia's internal polity and its external outlook. The book contains aspects critical for enhancing India's strategic presence in the region.

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