Discuss state and sovereignty in ancientIndia
Introduction
State and
Sovereignty in Ancient India : In lineage society during the mid-first
millennium BC, the essential unit was family under the control of the senior
most male member. the top person exercised his authority over the clans through
kinship and rituals. The families were tied together due to the genealogical
relationships. The kin connections and wealth led to differentiations between
the ruler and therefore the ruled within the society. The state system emerged
due to the increase , shift from pastoral to peasant economy, socio-cultural
heterogeneity and various other factors.
Discuss state and sovereignty in ancientIndia
Romila
Thaper in her seminal work on social formation (History and Beyond, collection
of essays) says extensive trade, the autumn of political elite and democratic
process resulted within the shift towards state system. State and Sovereignty
in Ancient India With the formation of state, the difficulty of governance
became a serious concern of the society. In Mahabharata, there's reference to
Matsyanyaya, a condition during which small fishes become prey to big fishes.
It happens
during a society where there's no authority. To avoid such a crisis, people
agreed to possess a group of laws and that they selected an individual to
become the ruler or appealed to the God for a king who will maintain law and
order within the society.
Discuss state and sovereignty in ancientIndia
There are
thus references to both Divine Origin of Kingship and agreement Theory of
Kingship. State and Sovereignty in Ancient India Various studies however,
suggest that the polity emerged as an independent domain. Monarchy was the
dominant sort of government within the early Indian polity. As mentioned within
the Shanti Parva of the Mahabharata, there have been seven constituents of the
State.
STATE AND SOVEREIGNTY IN ANCIENT INDIA
For State
and Sovereignty in Ancient India , The three theories of origin of state in ancient
India are as follows: 1. Social Contract Theory 2. Divine Origin Theory 3.
Organic Theory. The core issues in the study of political science are the state
and the government. The institution of state is studied in relation to its
origin, nature, aims and functions of the state in ancient India. The dawn of
civilization was stated to have marked the beginning of the origin of state.
The state in ancient India was considered necessary, for it ensures peace,
order and happiness. It was a social organization with political power.
However, ancient scholars were not unanimous in their opinion with regard to
the origin of the state. According to some, state was the outcome of a contract
mainly political in nature between the rulers and the ruled.
Social Contract Theory:
In the State
and Sovereignty in Ancient India : The social contract theory, one of the
common theories of the origin of state, believes that state is a result of a
contract between the king and his subjects or representatives. The king, thus
appointed, was expected to save the state and the subjects from external
aggression and establish order and security within the state. However, the
earliest Vedic works never stated that state was the result of a contract. But,
they clarified that king was elected to wage a successful war against the
demons.
Discuss state and sovereignty in ancientIndia
Divine Origin Theory:
This theory
of origin of kingship as well as the state was not widely acclaimed in the
ancient Indian polity. The king, according to this theory, was a subordinate to
law, which was made by the society and not him. The community as a whole was
given greater importance than the king. The king was not allowed to act
indiscriminately and was expected to act as a father to his subjects, and treat
them with affection and kindness.
Organic Theory:
This theory
holds the view that state is like an organism and that each organ has a
specific function to perform. The theory believes that the healthy functioning
of the whole organism depends upon the healthy conditions of each part of the
body or organism and its efficient functioning. The seven parts of the body,
that is, state are the king or the sovereign, the minister, the territory and
population, the fortified city or the capital, the treasury, the army, the
friends and the allies. State and Sovereignty in Ancient India , Among all the
seven elements or parts, it is the king who is most important.
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