MPYE 002 Solved Assignment 2022-23

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MPYE 002 ETHICS Solved Assignment 2022-23

Answer any five questions selecting at least two from each of the sections.

Your answers should be in about 500 words each.

1. What is discourse ethics? Evaluate the rules of argumentation in discourse ethics given by Habermass. 20

The purpose of this essay is to reveal the central distinctive elements of Jürgen Habermas’ theory of discourse ethics and how his moral theory differs from those of two other prominent philosophers, Immanuel Kant and John Rawls. In unveiling the distinctive qualities of Habermas’ discourse ethics, the fundamental difference between it and Kant’s moral theory, upon which Habermas in part bases his thought, will be explained. Next, in exposing another distinctive element of discourse ethics, a pivotal difference between Habermas’ moral theory and John Rawls’ theory of justice will be elucidated.

Jürgen Habermas’ theory of discourse ethics contains two distinctive characteristics: (I) it puts forth as its fundamental tenet a prerequisite of participation in argumentation for testing the validity of a norm and (ii) it transforms the individual nature of Kant’s categorical imperative into a collective imperative by reformulating it to ensure the expression of a general will and by elevating it to a rule of argumentation. The proceduralism of the first characteristic sets Habermas’ discourse ethics apart from the moral theory of John Rawls. The second characteristic differentiates it from Kantian moral theory and, again, from Rawls’ theory of justice.

Habermas’ moral theory is grounded in the principle of discourse ethics, which can be viewed as a principle of argumentation. It stipulates that “only those norms can claim to be valid that meet (or could meet) with the approval of all affected in their capacity as participants in a practical discourse.”1 This practical discourse, Habermas writes, is “a procedure for testing the validity of hypothetical norms, not for producing justified norms.”2 In this way Habermas’ discourse ethics guarantees that the process of making judgements is carried out impartially, in contrast to Rawls’ theory of justice, which seeks to make impartial the orientation of an individual making a moral judgement. Unlike Rawls’ (and Kant’s) theory, Habermas’ principle of discourse ethics ensures that the universalist principle can be interpreted only as expressing the normative content of a procedure, not the normative content of the argument. Indeed, Habermas makes it clear that his theory contains no hint of substantive moral content.

As the practical discourse on a norm unfolds, Habermas’ universalization principle, adapted from Kant’s categorical imperative, guides the argumentation of the participants while guarding its rationality. But Habermas’ universalization principle, though borrowed from Kant’s moral theory, differs from the categorical imperative in that it extends Kant’s tenet to explicitly include as participants all those affected by a norm. Habermas’ formulation of the universalization principle, which is “intended to compel the universal exchange of roles,”3 precludes its monological application. Kant’s categorical imperative, on the other hand, requires only a monological application by the individual pondering the norm. Articulating his ethical system in Metaphysic of Morals, published in 1785, Kant described his categorical imperative as follows: “Act only according to a maxim by which you can at the same time will that it shall become a general law.” Kant’s categorical imperative permits an individual to ascribe as valid for everyone any maxim that he would will to be a universal law

MPYE 002 ETHICS Solved Assignment 2022-23

Habermas’ theory modifies Kant’s categorical imperative to explicitly include all those involved in or affected by a conflict. Habermas’ principle of universalization holds that “for a norm to be valid, the consequences and side effects of its general observance for the satisfaction of each person’s particular interests must be acceptable to all.”4 Habermas’ principle reformulates the categorical imperative to necessitate that a maxim must be submitted to everyone to test its claim to universality. “The emphasis shifts from what each can will without contradiction to be a general law, to what all can will in agreement to be a universal norm.”5 In this way Habermas transforms Kant’s categorical imperative from a maxim pertaining to the individual into one governing all participants involved in the testing of norm. As such, the universalization principle transcends its former role as an imperative to become, in Habermas’ words, a “procedure for argumentation.”

What are three postulates of morality in Kantian Ethics? Discuss briefly. 10+10= 20

2. What are the objections of Karl-Otto Apel against previous moral theories? Discuss. 10+10= 20

Explain and evaluate the idea of diversity of morals given by Morris Ginsberg. 20

3. Give answer of any two questions in about 250 words each. 2*10= 20

a) “Violence is morally wrong.” How would intuitionist, realist and relativist analyze this moral statement?

b) Evaluate the idea of war in the light of Deontology and Utilitarianism. 10

c) What do you understand by Right to Life? Discuss the idea of dignified life in the context of cultural relativism and realism. 10

d) Compare human order with moral order. 10

4. Give answer of any four questions in about 150 words each. 4*5= 20

a) Write a note on the D. Ross’s idea of human duties. 5

b) Write a note on Cultural Relativism.

c) Write a note on the social responsibility of media. 5

d) Write a note on MacIntyre’s virtue ethics. 5

e) Evaluate moral realism in the light of Bio Ethical issues. 5 6

f) Write a note on moral intuitionism? 5

g) Write a short note on the Levinas’ idea of moral responsibility. 5

5. Write short notes on any five in about 100 words each. 5*4= 20

a) Panchasila 4

b) Svadharma 4

c) Distributive Justice 4

d) Situation Ethics 4

e) Deontology 4

f) Free Will 4

g) Virtue Ethics 4

h) Hypothetical Imperative

MPYE 002 Handwritten Assignment 2022-23

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Important Note - You may be aware that you need to submit your assignments before you can appear for the Term End Exams. Please remember to keep a copy of your completed assignment, just in case the one you submitted is lost in transit.

Submission Date :

· 31st March 2023 (if enrolled in the July 2022 Session)

· 30th Sept, 2023 (if enrolled in the January 2023 session).

IGNOU Instructions for the MPYE 002 Assignments

MPYE 002 ETHICS Assignment 2022-23 Before attempting the assignment, please read the following instructions carefully.

MPYE 002 ETHICS Solved Assignment 2022-23 , IGNOU MPYE 002 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download PDF ,MPYE 002 Solved assignment pdf , MPYE 002 Solved Assignment , MPYE 002 Assignment 2022-23, MPYE 002 Solved Assignment 2022-23, IGNOU MPYE 002 Solved Assignment 2022-23

1. Read the detailed instructions about the assignment given in the Handbook and Programme Guide.

2. Write your enrolment number, name, full address and date on the top right corner of the first page of your response sheet(s).

3. Write the course title, assignment number and the name of the study centre you are attached to in the centre of the first page of your response sheet(s).

4. Use only foolscap size paper for your response and tag all the pages carefully

5. Write the relevant question number with each answer.

6. You should write in your own handwriting.

GUIDELINES FOR IGNOU Assignments 2022-23

MPYE 002 Solved Assignment 2022-23 You will find it useful to keep the following points in mind:

1. Planning: Read the questions carefully. Go through the units on which they are based. Make some points regarding each question and then rearrange these in a Ethicsal order. And please write the answers in your own words. Do not reproduce passages from the units.

2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analytic before drawing up a rough outline of your answer. In an essay-type question, give adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion. The introduction must offer your brief interpretation of the question and how you propose to develop it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the course of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as this will add some depth to your analysis.

3. Presentation: Once you are satisfied with your answers, you can write down the final version for submission, writing each answer neatly and underlining the points you wish to emphasize.

IGNOU Assignment Front Page

The top of the first page of your response sheet should look like this: Get IGNOU Assignment Front page through. And Attach on front page of your assignment. Students need to compulsory attach the front page in at the beginning of their handwritten assignment.

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MPYE 002 Handwritten Assignment 2022-23

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MPYE 002 ETHICS Solved Assignment 2022-23

MPYE 002 Solved Assignment 2022-23

MPYE 002 ETHICS Solved Assignment 2022-23

MPYE 002 Handwritten Assignment 2022-23

GUIDELINES FOR IGNOU Assignments 2022-23

IGNOU Assignment Front Page

MPYE 002 Handwritten Assignment 2022-23

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