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BHIC 102 Solved Assignment 2022-23

FREE IGNOU BHIC 102 Solved Assignment 2022-23 , students can directly done their assignment by simply take reference through our free ignou service. BHIC 102 Free solved assignment available here.

Answer all questions.

Assignment - I

Answer the following in about 500 words each.

1) Explain in detail the different approaches related to transition to agriculture.

One of the early explanations, called the ‘Oasis Theory’, was propounded as early as 1908. It was popularised by Gordon Childe who pioneered the study of pre-history and provided the term ‘Neolithic Revolution’ to convey the overall significance of the transition. The main thrust of the theory was on the suggestion that farming began in some parts of the Fertile Crescent (Southwest Asia) due to severe climatic changes.

The dramatic reversals were due to the northward movement of the rain-bearing clouds from this region. These changes caused the formation of oases – small patches of green where men, plants and animals got concentrated, separated by large tracts of deserts. Scarcity of food in the surrounding areas attracted the starving to the oases. Such close habitation encouraged the process of ‘domestication’. The ‘oasis theory’ was based on the idea that socio-economic events like the beginning of agriculture do not take place on a worldwide scale. They take place in restricted blocks of area measuring a few hundred miles. Certain caused like desiccation and formation of oases operated in such restricted zones. It is only after the completion of the experiment in such areas that the idea of cultivation spread to other regions.

The idea that the early agriculturists could have been fishermen was first suggested by Carl Sauer (1952) and subsequently by Robert McC Adams (1966). In their estimate fishing rather than hunting predisposed people to agriculture. Fishing allowed greater sedentism i.e. it enabled people to stay in a particular place for a longer time. And agriculture demanded greater sedentism. Sauer suggested that fishermen living in a mild climate along fresh waters would be more innovative. The leisure time that fishing provided would have encouraged them to exploit the neighbouring regions for plants. But the difference in acquiring these two differently located staples – fish and grain (one available in water and the other on ground) at a time when populations were gradually rising would have also encouraged a more advanced fishing-gathering existence and gradually adoption of farming. The plants that provided starch foods and substance for toughening fishing nets and lines and making them water-resistant, for instance, root crops, were domesticated first.

Food production, according to Sauer, was not the most important reason for bringing plants under cultivation. However it should be pointed out this kind of a ‘water-source-centered model’ ultimately remains untested except for parts of Southeast Asia. In west Asia cereal production and herding of animals had taken place with no preceding attempts at root-crop production. From about 1968 attempts were made to put forward more elaborate theories about origin of agriculture.

Geological research and archaeological excavations had revealed fresh evidence from different parts of the world. It showed that environmental changes affected different parts of the world differently. The understanding that the onset of the Holocene epoch saw sudden and sharp variation in temperature especially in Southwest Asia was no longer acceptable. At the same time environmental change as a factor was not completely abandoned. Focus, however, shifted to other factors like population growth and social consequences of a more sedentary life style.

2) Examine the development and consolidation of the Sassanid Empire

Assignment - II

Answer the following questions in about 250 words each.

3) Who were the Greekss ? Write a short note on Mycenaean Civilization.

4) Write a note on the settlements and architecture of the Egyptian civilization.

5) Explain the discovery and spread and inpact of iron.

Assignment - III

Answer the following questions in about 100 words each.

6) Bronze Age Societies

7) Sources and Methods of Archaeological Research

8) Legacy of Shang Civilization

9) Babylonian Empire

10) History and Historiography

BHIC 102 Handwritten Assignment 2022-23

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Important Note - You may be aware that you need to submit your assignments before you can appear for the Term End Exams. Please remember to keep a copy of your completed assignment, just in case the one you submitted is lost in transit.

Submission Date :

· 31st March 2023 (if enrolled in the July 2022 Session)
· 30th Sept, 2023 (if enrolled in the January 2023 session).

IGNOU Instructions for the BHIC 102 Assignment

BHIC 102 SOCIAL FORMATIONS AND CULTURAL PATTERNS Assignment 2022-23 Before attempting the assignment, please read the following instructions carefully.

1. Read the detailed instructions about the assignment given in the Handbook and Programme Guide.

2. Write your enrolment number, name, full address and date on the top right corner of the first page of your response sheet(s).

3. Write the course title, assignment number and the name of the study centre you are attached to in the centre of the first page of your response sheet(s).

4. Use only foolscap size paper for your response and tag all the pages carefully

5. Write the relevant question number with each answer.

6. You should write in your own handwriting.

GUIDELINES FOR IGNOU Assignments 2022-23

BHIC 102 Solved Assignment 2022-23 You will find it useful to keep the following points in mind:

1. Planning: Read the questions carefully. Go through the units on which they are based. Make some points regarding each question and then rearrange these in a logical order. And please write the answers in your own words. Do not reproduce passages from the units.

2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analytic before drawing up a rough outline of your answer. In an essay-type question, give adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion. The introduction must offer your brief interpretation of the question and how you propose to develop it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the course of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as this will add some depth to your analysis.

3. Presentation: Once you are satisfied with your answers, you can write down the final version for submission, writing each answer neatly and underlining the points you wish to emphasize.

IGNOU Assignment Front Page

The top of the first page of your response sheet should look like this: Get IGNOU Assignment Front page through. And Attach on front page of your assignment. Students need to compulsory attach the front page in at the beginning of their handwritten assignment.

ENROLMENT NO: …………………………………………………….

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COURSE TITLE: ……………………………………………………...

ASSIGNMENT NO: …………………………………………………

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